Haritha: I presented a paper (HP-3) at DesignCon 2003 that compared multiple-segment lumped models to distributed models and to Laplacian-based behaviorial models. There are some illustrations of unreal overshoot indicated by lumped models that you might find enlightening. A major fallacy of lumped models is that the L_C segments can exhibit ringing that doesn't actually exist in the true distributed real world. The degree and character of the ringing depends on many factors, but mostly on the relationship between the signal rise time and the natural resonant frequency of the individual segments. Hope this helps, Mike Michael L. Conn Owner/Principal Consultant Mikon Consulting *** Serving Your Needs with Technical Excellence *** ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu