[rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- From: Jerry Lehrer <jerryleh@xxxxxxxxxxx>
- To: rollei_list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
- Date: Wed, 16 Feb 2005 13:14:45 -0800
Peter,
Bose is one of the top charlatans in the audio world.
jerry
"Peter K." wrote:
> You left out Mr. Bose.
>
> On Wed, 16 Feb 2005 12:47:14 -0800, Jerry Lehrer <jerryleh@xxxxxxxxxxx> wro=
> te:
> > Thanks for the Audio 101 lecture, Mr. Vilchur and Mr. Koss.:-)
> >=20
> > Jerry
> >=20
> > Richard Knoppow wrote:
> >=20
> > > ----- Original Message -----
> > > From: "Jerry Lehrer" <jerryleh@xxxxxxxxxxx>
> > > To: <rollei_list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> > > Sent: Tuesday, February 15, 2005 6:48 PM
> > > Subject: [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
> > >
> > > > Richard
> > > >
> > > > The people in the audio world refer to the planar
> > > > speakers, such
> > > > as the ones made by SME , Magnaplanar, and Martin-Logan,
> > > > as
> > > > dipoles. Some "dipole" speakers have the backwave
> > > > absorbed
> > > > almost completely. Then, are ribbon speakers "dipoles"?
> > > > All
> > > > that I have used, absorbed the backwave.
> > > >
> > > > Jerry
> > > >
> > > > Richard Knoppow wrote:
> > >
> > > Loudspeakers of the diaphragm type are all dipoles. That
> > > is energy is radiated from both sides with a 180 degree
> > > shift of polarity from one side to the other. Ribbon and
> > > electrostatic speakers are dipoles as or common moving coil
> > > and cone speakers.
> > > The loudspeaker inclosure does two things. First, it
> > > prevents destructive interference from the backwave
> > > radiating into the hemisphere as the front. Because most
> > > loudspeakers are small compared to the wavelength at low
> > > frequencies each side is strongly non-directional. If the
> > > speaker is placed in a baffle which is large enough the path
> > > length around it will prevent this kind of interference down
> > > to the frequency were the sound waves are able to bend
> > > around it.
> > > A fully enclosed box will completely prevent destructive
> > > interference by the back wave.
> > > The second purpose of at least some enclosures is to
> > > provide a better acoustical impedance match of the air to
> > > the loudspeaker. This is a somewhat complex subject. The air
> > > has a characteristic impedance. Just as in an electrical
> > > circuit the maximum transfer of energy takes place when the
> > > source impedance matches the sink impedance, and both are
> > > resistive. A small cone in air is both mismatched and very
> > > reactive. A closed box will improve matters somewhat but
> > > there is a still a rapid fall off of transferred energy
> > > below a wavelength approximately equal to the circumference
> > > of the loudspeaker. In order to improve this at low
> > > frequencies some sort of impedance matching device must be
> > > used. The two types most often encountered are the
> > > bass-reflex and the horn. A bass reflex enclosure is the
> > > analogue of an impedance matching filter section. A labrynth
> > > type box is the equivalent of a 1/4 wave matching section as
> > > used in radio frequency transmission lines. The Bass reflex
> > > is essentially a lumped constant version of this. A properly
> > > designed bass reflex enclosure will substantially improve
> > > the match over a fairly narrow range of frequencies. An
> > > acoustical horn is the analogue of an electrical
> > > transformer. One can see it as enlarging the size of the
> > > loudspeaker diaphragm to the size of the horn mouth although
> > > this is a gross simplification. When used for mid or high
> > > frequencies horns can be close to their ideal. This can
> > > yield a very great increase in the efficiency of power
> > > transfer and also be used to control distribution of the
> > > sound. At low frequencies an ideal horn is usually too large
> > > to be practical but a smaller horn can be used and still
> > > have considerable improvement in efficiency. For the minimum
> > > frequency possible a close box enclosure with a properly
> > > designed loudspeaker and lots of equalization is superior to
> > > the other forms due to size but is very ineffient.
> > > In the past large horn systems were use almost
> > > exclusively in motion picture theaters because electronic
> > > amplification was expensive. In more recent years large
> > > closed box systems have taken over for bass reproduction
> > > because power is now cheap and they deliver better, or
> > > deeper, bass. Horn midrange systems are still used because
> > > of their advantage in controlling distribution.
> > > Up to maybe the 1950's a typical 500 seat theater had
> > > about a 10 watt amplifier. Amplifiers as large as 50 watts
> > > could be found only in the largest theaters. Now one can
> > > have kilowatts if desired so speaker efficiency is no longer
> > > so important.
> > > All this takes me back to what seems like a previous
> > > life.
> >=20
> >=20
>
> --=20
> Peter K
> =D3=BF=D5=AC
- References:
- [rollei_list] Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- From: A. Lal
- [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- From: Jerry Lehrer
- [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- From: Richard Knoppow
- [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- From: Jerry Lehrer
- [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- From: Richard Knoppow
- [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- From: Jerry Lehrer
- [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- From: Peter K.
Other related posts:
- » [rollei_list] Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
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- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
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- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- » [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- [rollei_list] Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- From: A. Lal
- [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- From: Jerry Lehrer
- [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- From: Richard Knoppow
- [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- From: Jerry Lehrer
- [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- From: Richard Knoppow
- [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- From: Jerry Lehrer
- [rollei_list] Re: Completely OT- Loudspeaker info
- From: Peter K.