[rollei_list] Re: 12 exposures 35mm
----- Original Message ----- From: "Carlos Manuel Freaza" <cmfreaza@xxxxxxxxxxxx> 
To: <rollei_list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Sent: Saturday, December 30, 2006 1:58 AM
Subject: [rollei_list] Re: 12 exposures 35mm



--- Richard Knoppow <dickburk@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> escribió:

..   Also, Kodakchrome was first available for

_still_

cameras
in 35mm only.


Richard, Kodak official website says:

"1935 - KODACHROME Film was introduced and became the
first commercially successful amateur color film. It
was initially offered in 16 mm format for motion
pictures; 35 mm slides and 8 mm home movies followed
in 1936."

http://www.kodak.com/US/en/corp/kodakHistory/1930_1959.shtml
Evidently the Rolleikin preceeded modern 35mm color film. There were color films made before the multi-layer films like Kodachrome and Agfacolor. These were mostly of the type that used some sort of additive method. The first Agfacolor used grains of starch dyed in three colors. Dufaycolor, Finlay color and some others used a reseau of colored stripes under the emulsion, the plates being exposed from the back. All of these processes had problems with dupicating. Kodak also made two early color films with the familar names Kodacolor and Kodachrome. Kodacolor was a reseau film similar to the above, the first Kodachrome was a "lenticular" film made for 16mm motion pictures. This system was also used experimentally for 35mm threatrical motion pictures, in particular by Paramount, but it was never very satisfactory. The later version of Kodachrome was, as the artical states, originally made available as 16mm motion picture film. Its introduction in larger sizes for still cameras awaited a simplified processing method introduced about a year after the film was first released. Kodachrome processing was never simple but the original method of locating the dyes in the right layers depended on controlled penetration of a bleach done by floating the film on the bleach bath and careful control of the viscosity of the solutions, etc. The patents issued to Mannes and Godowski mostly cover this method. At the time Kodak could not find a good method of anchoring the dye couplers in their respective emulsion layers. Agfa beat them to this by attaching the couplers to very large long chain molecules which could not move easily in the gelatin. Kodak later came up with a resin encapsulation method for accomplishing this. The first film employing this system was the second Kodacolor. I believe it is the Agfa method which survives but am not sure. For some reason I thought I had read that the Rolleikin had been introduced to make color photography possible with Rollei cameras. Perpaps not, but, the early single layer films were available about the time it was developed. Also, the plate back adaptor would have made possible the use of early single layer color films coated on glass plates. Both of the extensive histories of color photography are now many decades old and hard to find. One is _The History of Three color Photography_" by E.J.Wall, the other is by Freidmann with a similar title, I will post it when I find my copy. It has been pointed out to me that Wall has a personal antipathy to C.E.Ives and either left out much of his work or denigrated it. 

---
Richard Knoppow
Los Angeles, CA, USA
dickburk@xxxxxxxxxxxxx 
---
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