Hi all: I know that the "const" keyword declares a value that cannot be change by the program and this may lead to better performance. If volatile is used the value may be changed by the program, but it may also be changed by some outside influence. volatile const int index3 = 12; volatile int index4; The difference between the two as I see it is that the first one use both volatile and const and assigns 12 to an integer type to the identifier named index3 and the second only uses volatile and declares an integer type identified as index4 but does not assign a value. So if I do: volatile const index3 = 12; volatile int index4 = 12; Now I have two int types with two identifiers named index3 and index4 with the same value of 12. What's not clear to me is why only volatile is used and what's the difference between using both volatile const to only use volatile? __________ View the list's information and change your settings at //www.freelists.org/list/programmingblind