Matthew, The short answer to your question is that the human auditory system is actually quite complex and doesn't follow very many easy rules of thumb. The problem is that humans, unfortunately, don't quite model the old Miller 7 + or - 2 rule for speech based recall, they measure it in seconds of recall, and the way humans understand language is complex and highly context dependent. And worse, the complexity doesn't end there, as masking effects can take place (characters embedded in the audio stream which have no relevance). Certain word choices have far more meaning than others, and prosodic cues (voice inflection), can also cause significant effects. So, making a good environment requires that you tackle all sorts of variables. Speed is absolutely important. Lots of other variables are important as well. It's pretty tough to get the mix "just right." Andreas __________ View the list's information and change your settings at //www.freelists.org/list/programmingblind