[ppi] [ppiindia] Cutting edge technologies in modern biology

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FRENCH SCIENCE TODAY - 2004

Some new tools to study proteins

Proteins, proteomics and genomics - that?s the talk of
the town. While most of this appears nothing more than
scientific jargon for the uninitiated, for those who
care to understand, these are cutting edge
technologies in modern biology. 

SBM


Proteins, proteomics and genomics - that?s the talk of
the town. While most of this appears nothing more than
scientific jargon for the uninitiated, for those who
care to understand, these are cutting edge
technologies in modern biology. 

Post the human genome project, much research effort
has been devoted to the decoding of the human genetic
information. Such knowledge opens further important
questions: what genes are actively transcribed and
translated into proteins? and what is the information
flow within the cell and the organism through protein
pathways and networks?

?This is the emerging area of proteomics, which
ultimately should highlight disease-related pathways
dysfunctions,? said Dr Anna Slama Schowk, senior
scientist at the Laboratory of Optics and Biosciences,
joint laboratory of INSERM (National Institute of
Health and Medical Research) and Ecole Polytechnique
while presenting a talk on ?New Tools to study
Proteins?, at the Manipal Hospital, Bangalore last
Wednesday. The talk was part of the ?French Science
Today 2004? organised by the Alliance Francaise de
Bangalore.

?Proteins have multiple roles. They act as key sensors
of signaling molecules or ?fuel?, such as NO, CO and
oxygen, and participate in the regulation of the
signaling network,? said Dr Anna, while indicating
that the use of engineered proteins with fluorescent
labels (Green fluorescent proteins) and new tools of
microscopy help in visualisation of these signalling
networks, since proteins act as gates, for
communication between cells, or amplifying a given
signal. 

?Much information can be achieved by studying isolated
proteins by using time-resolved methods (where the
function of a protein is studies with respect to
time). For example, time-resolved X-ray diffraction
allows to ?see? a protein working. Time-resolved
spectroscopies are useful techniques to study
regulations of a given protein and protein-protein
interactions. Such interactions can lead to disease,
for example in the prion proteins, which are believed
to underline mad cow disease and its human equivalent,
the Creuzfeldt-Jacob disease,? she said.

Dr Anny Slama-Schwok obtained her PhD in Physical
Chemistry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and
did postdoctoral research at the Collège de France.
Her research concentrates on the structural dynamics
of the various NOsynthases and molecular regulation of
NO signaling using ultra-fast transient absorption.

As part of French Science Today - 2004, Dr Jean-Marc
Reyrat will speak on ?What do we know about Bacteria?,
today, 6.00 pm at the Alliance Francaise. 





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