BEFORE ROW triggers also need to lock each target row, even if nothing is done. This doubles the number of current mode buffer gets and increases redo generation significantly. @ Regards, @ Steve Adams @ http://www.ixora.com.au/ - For DBAs @ http://www.christianity.net.au/ - For all -----Original Message----- From: oracle-l-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:oracle-l-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Jared Still Sent: Wednesday, 2 November 2005 12:07 PM To: stephenbooth.uk@xxxxxxxxx Cc: mark.powell@xxxxxxx; Oracle-L Freelists Subject: Re: normalization [snip] BEFORE UPDATE triggers have their own set of problems, and should be used judiciously. I'm sure many of us (me) have used them in the past more than they should have been. http://tkyte.blogspot.com/2005/08/part-ii-seeing-restart.html http://tkyte.blogspot.com/2005/09/part-iii-why-is-restart-important-to.html -- //www.freelists.org/webpage/oracle-l