Ryan, I know for sure Jonathan Lewis covers this in his three-day seminar, = "undo and redo costs". I think it may also be covered in his book, but = I don't have it here at the office today. -Mark -----Original Message----- From: oracle-l-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:oracle-l-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx]On Behalf Of ryan_gaffuri@xxxxxxxxxxx Sent: Tuesday, September 28, 2004 11:37 AM To: oracle-l@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: looking for doc with diagrams on redo and undo for java developers Object Oriented programming is all about reuse so our java guys made a = universal update statement that updates all columns in a table, even = unchanged columns. I know its bad, but its a major re-write to change = this. I was digging through the otn docs and some books and everything = that leads me to this requires a significant amount of reading. Multiple = chapters etc... anyone know a short article that explains undo and redo along with = diagrams and why its bad to update unchanged columns that is easy for a = non-oracle person to follow?=20 checked the concepts doc, but they would probably have to read 50-70 = pages to get the basic idea.=20 -- //www.freelists.org/webpage/oracle-l -- //www.freelists.org/webpage/oracle-l