[opendtv] Fwd: FW: Circuits: The HDTV Physicists Speak
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Subject: FW: Circuits: The HDTV Physicists Speak
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Subject: Circuits: The HDTV Physicists Speak
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How Close to Sit to the HDTV? The Physicists Chime In
Last week, I
<http://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/16/technology/circuits/16POGUE-EMAIL.html>
asked for your help. I wanted to come up with a modernized rule for how far
away we're supposed to sit from the TV in the high-definition era - and I
loved, loved, loved your responses. They ranged from homespun common-sense
nuggets to three-page formulas sent by physicists. Continue...
Advertisement
Dynamic Logic Survey
continue
Here's a sampling of the most interesting responses.
* "The easiest way is to use 3.3 times the height of the screen. Naturally,
this is based on true HDTV (720P, 1080I or 1080P) and 20/20 vision."
* "Given the best resolution, you should be sitting approximately 1.5 times
the screen WIDTH away from the screen. This will give you a viewing angle of
about 30 degrees, which will create the immersive effect without having to
move your head too much to catch all the action. With a lower resolution
like EDTV, 2.0 to 2.5 times the screen WIDTH will probably be more
acceptable."
* "Next time you see a film in a theater, take your favorite seat, then hold
up your hand at arm's length, palm to the screen, and measure the width of
the screen in palm widths. Repeat in front of your home theater and adjust
your viewing distance to recreate the screen size you personally favor."
* "In our house, it was, 'Don't ruin your eyes!' But, of course, the TV
screen was about ten inches across, with a weird magnifier hanging over it.
(Yep, I'm old!)"
* "I don't need no stinking engineers or complicated math to tell me the
optimal distance of screen to viewer. It's like focusing a camera; move
closer or further away until you see the image that suits you best. I'm
sitting closer now that I have HD."
* "You are, of course, assuming that the viewer has 20/20 vision. As a
severely nearsighted TV viewer, my rule of thumb is usually, 'close enough
to annoy anyone else trying to watch the darned thing.'"
* "Though being closer to the screen is more immersive, there is a limit to
what's comfortable for most people. If the screen occupies too wide a visual
angle, you can no longer track the action by moving only the eyes, and you
have to start turning the head. This can lead to neck fatigue and can induce
motion sickness in some viewers."
* "David, after you sift through all the feedback here, if you come up with
what seem to be some good rules of thumb, could you please tell me what size
TV to get based on my room size, rather than what size room to get for my
TV? My house is more valuable than any TV I will ever buy."
* "My only concern about viewing distances is a reminder that much viewing
would be of standard-definition TV broadcasting, which, because of its lower
resolution, needs to be a consideration, too."
* "In film school (many years ago), I was taught that it has to do with
matching the screen size to the capacity of the eye's peripheral vision. You
want the edge of your peripheral vision to just catch what's going on at the
edge of the screen. I've tested this over the years and it works for me,
with slight changes as my eyesight has changed."
* "When you look at how far people actually sit from TVs, you find that for
larger sets, it is determined mainly by the size of the room. Most houses
have 10, 12 or 14-foot room widths and that, minus the width of the TV and
the couch back, is how far most people sit from their TV."
A more detailed response came from Rich Muller, a professor at the
University of California at Berkeley and an old friend.
* "You don't need HDTV or video experts. You need the council of a
physicist! Fortunately, that's what I am. "Here's the answer: if the
diagonal of the screen is D, and it is HDTV (1080x1920), then your eye will
not see the pixels as long as you sit at least 1.5 D away. Thus, if you have
a 30 inch diagonal, then you can sit 45 inches away, and even closer if your
eyesight is worse than 20-20.
"Here's the calculation. The resolution of the human eye is about 1 minute
of arc. The sine of that angle is 0.0003. Pixels closer than this will not
be resolved. "If you have a TV with a diagonal measurement D, and the height
and width are in the ratio of HDTV (1081/1920), then the height of the
screen is very close to D/2. There are 1080 pixels in that distance, so the
average spacing of the pixels is D/(2*1080) = D/2160. Thus, for a 30 inch
screen, the pixel spacing is 30/2160 = 0.014. The number of pixels per inch
is about 70. There are more pixels per inch for small screens, and fewer for
large screens. If you are observing the screen from a distance R, then your
eye resolution (with angle A = 1 minute of arc) will be R x sine(A) = 0.0003
R. This distance must be bigger than the pixel size, so we set 0.0003 R =
D/2160. That gives R = D/(2160 x .0003) = 1.5.
"That's the rule of thumb that I came up with. At this distance, the
horizontal dimension of the screen will cover 82 degrees of your field of
view! (Your entire field of view is about 180 degrees.) So - sit up close
and be swept away by the clear visual experience."
My favorite response, though, came from this clever reader: "Here is the
answer to how far to sit from your HDTV," he wrote. "'The way I see it, the
closer you can sit without seeing the screen-door effect, the more the
picture will fill your vision, and the more immersive the movie will be.'"
Of course, that second sentence came straight from my original column. It
seems that in posing the question, I unwittingly provided my own answer!
Thanks again to all who participated - this was a really great way to get to
the bottom of a difficult debate. Next week's assignment: Is there life
after death?
Just kidding.
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<TD vAlign=bottom align=right width=295><FONT
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December 23, 2004</FONT></TD><!-- END "IN TODAY'S EMAIL" HEADER &
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NOSEND="1"><BR><FONT face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"
size=-1><STRONG>Editors' Note: </STRONG>The Circuits newsletter will
not be sent next week. It will return to your inboxes on Thursday,
January 6. Happy holidays. <BR></FONT><IMG height=8
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width=10 NOSEND="1"><FONT face=verdana size=-2><STRONG>THIS WEEK IN
CIRCUITS:</STRONG> <A href="#1">Making Sense of Specs
</A><BR><IMG height=8
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<TD vAlign=top><IMG height=61 alt="From the Desk of David Pogue"
src="http://graphics.nytimes.com/images/email/circuits/david_pogue.gif";
width=256 NOSEND="1"><BR><FONT face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"
size=-1><!-- HEADLINE --><STRONG>How Close to Sit to the HDTV? The
Physicists Chime In </STRONG>
<P></P><!-- BODY -->
<P>
<P>Last week, <A
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/16/technology/circuits/16POGUE-EMAIL.html";>I
asked for your help</A>. I wanted to come up with a modernized rule
for how far away we're supposed to sit from the TV in the
high-definition era - and I loved, loved, loved your responses.
They
ranged from homespun common-sense nuggets to three-page formulas
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<P>
<P>Here's a sampling of the most interesting responses.
<P>* "The easiest way is to use 3.3 times the height of the screen.
Naturally, this is based on true HDTV (720P, 1080I or 1080P) and
20/20 vision."
<P>* "Given the best resolution, you should be sitting
approximately
1.5 times the screen WIDTH away from the screen. This will give you
a viewing angle of about 30 degrees, which will create the
immersive
effect without having to move your head too much to catch all the
action. With a lower resolution like EDTV, 2.0 to 2.5 times the
screen WIDTH will probably be more acceptable."
<P>* "Next time you see a film in a theater, take your favorite
seat, then hold up your hand at arm's length, palm to the screen,
and measure the width of the screen in palm widths. Repeat in front
of your home theater and adjust your viewing distance to recreate
the screen size you personally favor."
<P>* "In our house, it was, 'Don't ruin your eyes!' But, of course,
the TV screen was about ten inches across, with a weird magnifier
hanging over it. (Yep, I'm old!)"
<P>* "I don't need no stinking engineers or complicated math to
tell
me the optimal distance of screen to viewer. It's like focusing a
camera; move closer or further away until you see the image that
suits you best. I'm sitting closer now that I have HD."
<P>* "You are, of course, assuming that the viewer has 20/20
vision.
As a severely nearsighted TV viewer, my rule of thumb is usually,
'close enough to annoy anyone else trying to watch the darned
thing.'"
<P>* "Though being closer to the screen is more immersive, there is
a limit to what's comfortable for most people. If the screen
occupies too wide a visual angle, you can no longer track the
action
by moving only the eyes, and you have to start turning the head.
This can lead to neck fatigue and can induce motion sickness in
some
viewers."
<P>* "David, after you sift through all the feedback here, if you
come up with what seem to be some good rules of thumb, could you
please tell me what size TV to get based on my room size, rather
than what size room to get for my TV? My house is more valuable
than
any TV I will ever buy."
<P>* "My only concern about viewing distances is a reminder that
much viewing would be of standard-definition TV broadcasting,
which,
because of its lower resolution, needs to be a consideration, too."
<P>* "In film school (many years ago), I was taught that it has to
do with matching the screen size to the capacity of the eye's
peripheral vision. You want the edge of your peripheral vision to
just catch what's going on at the edge of the screen. I've tested
this over the years and it works for me, with slight changes as my
eyesight has changed."
<P>* "When you look at how far people actually sit from TVs, you
find that for larger sets, it is determined mainly by the size of
the room. Most houses have 10, 12 or 14-foot room widths and that,
minus the width of the TV and the couch back, is how far most
people
sit from their TV."
<P>A more detailed response came from Rich Muller, a professor at
the University of California at Berkeley and an old friend.
<P>* "You don't need HDTV or video experts. You need the council of
a physicist! Fortunately, that's what I am. "Here's the answer: if
the diagonal of the screen is D, and it is HDTV (1080x1920), then
your eye will not see the pixels as long as you sit at least 1.5 D
away. Thus, if you have a 30 inch diagonal, then you can sit 45
inches away, and even closer if your eyesight is worse than 20-20.
<P>"Here's the calculation. The resolution of the human eye is
about
1 minute of arc. The sine of that angle is 0.0003. Pixels closer
than this will not be resolved. "If you have a TV with a diagonal
measurement D, and the height and width are in the ratio of HDTV
(1081/1920), then the height of the screen is very close to D/2.
There are 1080 pixels in that distance, so the average spacing of
the pixels is D/(2*1080) = D/2160. Thus, for a 30 inch screen, the
pixel spacing is 30/2160 = 0.014. The number of pixels per inch is
about 70. There are more pixels per inch for small screens, and
fewer for large screens. If you are observing the screen from a
distance R, then your eye resolution (with angle A = 1 minute of
arc) will be R x sine(A) = 0.0003 R. This distance must be bigger
than the pixel size, so we set 0.0003 R = D/2160. That gives R =
D/(2160 x .0003) = 1.5.
<P>"That's the rule of thumb that I came up with. At this distance,
the horizontal dimension of the screen will cover 82 degrees of
your
field of view! (Your entire field of view is about 180 degrees.) So
- sit up close and be swept away by the clear visual experience."
<P>My favorite response, though, came from this clever reader:
"Here
is the answer to how far to sit from your HDTV," he wrote. "'The
way
I see it, the closer you can sit without seeing the screen-door
effect, the more the picture will fill your vision, and the more
immersive the movie will be.'"
<P>Of course, that second sentence came straight from my original
column. It seems that in posing the question, I unwittingly
provided
my own answer!
<P>Thanks again to all who participated - this was a really great
way to get to the bottom of a difficult debate. Next week's
assignment: Is there life after death?
<P>Just kidding.
<P>
<P>
<P>This week's Pogue's Gallery Video: <A
href="http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/technology/20041223double.html";>Digital
Picture Frames</A>.
<P>This week's <A
href="http://www.nytimes.com/technology/poguesposts/index.html";>Pogue's
Posts</A> blog. </P>
<P></P>
<P><I>Visit David Pogue on the Web at </I><A
href="http://www.davidpogue.com";>DavidPogue.com</A>.
</FONT></P></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE><BR><BR><!--END DAVID POGUE
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<TD vAlign=top width=395><A name=1></A><STRONG><FONT
face="verdana, helvetica, sans-serif" color=#990000 size=-2>THIS
WEEK IN CIRCUITS</FONT></STRONG><BR><IMG height=5
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Sense of Specs </STRONG></A><BR>By SEAN CAPTAIN <BR>In many cases,
product specifications may mean something different from what they
appear to, or mean nothing at all. <BR>* <A
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Should See or Hear for Themselves</A> <BR>
<P><BR></FONT></P></TD></TR><!--END THIS WEEK IN CIRCUITS --><!--
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<TD vAlign=top width=395><STRONG><FONT face="verdana,
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</FONT></STRONG><BR><IMG height=5
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NOSEND="1"><BR><FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif size=-1><A
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Never Takes a Holiday </STRONG></A><BR>By JOYCE COHEN <BR>For those
who dread coming back to an e-mail overflow, the solution is often
to take time off from leisure to weed the in-box.
<P><BR></FONT></P></TD></TR><!--END ARTICLE 2 --><!--STATE OF THE
ART - ARTICLE 3 --></A><A name=3>
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<TD vAlign=top width=395><STRONG><FONT face="verdana,
helvetica, sans-serif" color=#990000 size=1>STATE OF
THE ART </FONT></STRONG><BR><IMG height=5
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width=75 align=right border=0 NOSEND="1"></A> <FONT
face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif size=-1><A
href="http://tech.nytimes.com/2004/12/23/technology/circuits/23stat.html?8cir";><STRONG>Digital
Picture Frames Reviewed </STRONG></A><BR>By DAVID POGUE <BR>Seven
digital picture frames are designed to display and change digital
photos, or even treat you to a slide show. Which is right for you?
<BR>* <A
href="http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2004/12/22/technology/20041223_STATE_SLIDESHOW_index.html?8cir";>Slide
Show: Digital Picture Frames </A>
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href="http://tech.nytimes.com/2004/12/23/technology/circuits/23shop.html?8cir";><STRONG>Can
You Trust Ebay Bargains? </STRONG></A><BR>By MICHELLE SLATALLA
<BR>As the holidays approach, Christmas spirit is a bargain-hunting
essential.
<P><BR></FONT></P></TD></TR><!--END ARTICLE 4--><!-- ARTICLE 5
--></A><A name=5>
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<TD vAlign=top width=395><STRONG><FONT face="verdana,
helvetica, sans-serif" color=#990000 size=1>WHAT'S
NEXT </FONT></STRONG><BR><IMG height=5
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NOSEND="1"><BR><FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif size=-1><A
href="http://tech.nytimes.com/2004/12/23/technology/circuits/23next.html?8cir";><STRONG>Accurately
Measuring Battery Life </STRONG></A><BR>By ANNE EISENBERG <BR>A new
"gas gauge" chip for laptop batteries provide much more accurate
readouts of time left.
<P><BR></FONT></P></TD></TR><!--END ARTICLE 5 --><!--ARTICLE
6--></A><A name=6>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width=395><STRONG><FONT face="verdana,
helvetica, sans-serif" color=#990000 size=1>HOW IT
WORKS </FONT></STRONG><BR><IMG height=5
src="http://graphics.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width=1
NOSEND="1"><BR><FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif size=-1><A
href="http://tech.nytimes.com/2004/12/23/technology/circuits/23howw.html?8cir";><STRONG>MTV's
High-Definition Billboard </STRONG></A><BR>By MICHEL MARRIOTT
<BR>Times Square soars with glittering buildings that pulse and
wink
with outsized video screens. MTV's new high-definition screen
raises
the ante. <BR>* <A
href="http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2004/12/22/technology/23howw.chart.html";>Graphic:
Bright Lights, Big Screen </A>
<P><BR></FONT></P></TD></TR><!--END ARTICLE 6 --><!-- ARTICLE 7
--></A><A name=7>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width=395><STRONG><FONT face="verdana,
helvetica, sans-serif" color=#990000 size=1>PC FILES
</FONT></STRONG><BR><IMG height=5
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NOSEND="1"><BR><FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif size=-1><A
href="http://tech.nytimes.com/2004/12/23/technology/circuits/23cool.html?8cir";><STRONG>Keeping
Your Computer Cool </STRONG></A><BR>By IVAN BERGER <BR>Your PC's
noise is easy to ignore, but tuning it out still takes mental
energy. What are the options for those who want the sound of
silence?
<P><BR></FONT></P></TD></TR><!--END ARTICLE 7 --><!--ARTICLE 8
--></A><A name=8>
<TR>
<TD vAlign=top width=395><STRONG><FONT face="verdana,
helvetica, sans-serif" color=#990000 size=1>VIDEO
GAMES </FONT></STRONG><BR><IMG height=5
src="http://graphics.nytimes.com/images/misc/spacer.gif"; width=1
NOSEND="1"><BR><FONT face=arial,helvetica,sans-serif size=-1><A
href="http://tech.nytimes.com/2004/12/23/technology/circuits/23kids.html?8cir";><STRONG>Wave
of Games Accompany Holiday Movies </STRONG></A><BR>By WARREN
BUCKLEITNER <BR>Spinoffs have long been a part of the marketing
strategy for family movies. The holidays now bring films and video
games in equal measure. <BR>* <A
href="http://tech.nytimes.com/2004/12/23/technology/circuits/23game.html";>Game
Theory: Choose Your Role: Vampire or Card Wielder </A>
<P><BR><A
href="http://www.nytimes.com/circuits/index.html?8cir";><STRONG>All
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Buying Guide </STRONG></A><BR>Our annual special issue devoted to
electronic gifts for work and play, along with a guide to the world
of online shopping. <BR>* <A
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2004/11/18/technology/circuits/18toys.html?8cir";>Toys
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