RESOUR> [NetGold] SPORTS: PERFOMANCE ENHANCEMENT : BIOLOGY: GENETIC ENGINEERING: Performance Enhancement Drugs and Genetic Engineering in Sports: Now and Future.

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Net Happenings - From Educational CyberPlayGround
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Date: Thu, 22 Jan 2004 11:03:42 -0500 (EST)
From: David P. Dillard <jwne@xxxxxxxxxx>
Reply-To: NetGold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
To: NetGold <NetGold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Subject: [NetGold] SPORTS: PERFOMANCE ENHANCEMENT : BIOLOGY: GENETIC
     ENGINEERING: Performance Enhancement Drugs and Genetic Engineering in
     Sports: Now and Future.

The role of performance enhancement chemicals and techniques in sports are
changing the geography of sports performance and moving to new frontiers
such as genetic engineering.

Here are some other publications on sports, drugs and genetic engineering.
Some are available full text at the URLs provided and some are in print
publications.

Drugs in sports a fact of life
January 21, 2004
BY RICK TELANDER SUN-TIMES COLUMNIST
<http://www.suntimes.com/output/telander/cst-spt-rick21.html>

"Last week, International Olympic Committee president Jacques Rogge and
UNESCO director-general Koichiro Matsuura signed an agreement in Paris
aimed at a more unified global fight against doping. And that was a nice
thing.

But short of bankrupting the economy of the sports worlds, there is only
so much agencies can put into tracking down athletes and testing them in
a foolproof fashion, while at the same time stopping the renegade
chemists and/or trainers and coaches from developing and dispensing the
latest dope to elude the latest tests.

The fight should go on, but it more and more is one of ethics.

Where and how to draw the cheating line is the real issue. And if
athletes are not dissuaded by their consciences, the anti-doping folks
are fighting a miserable battle of morality legislation.

It is so hard now to prove that an athlete is cheating with drugs that,
as any expert will tell you, it is only the brazen, the naive and the
foolish who get caught."

---------------------------------------------------------

Engineering Sports Performance in the Genes
Jon Entine
<http://www.jonentine.com/reviews/national_post_02.htm>

"Doping's next wave is already on usand it could kill sport as we know
it.

It is sport's doomsday scenario and haunts the Olympic ideal: a new
generation of performance-enhancing drugs that can turn also-rans into
gold medalists. Already, dozens if not hundreds of athletes, including
undoubtedly some who are competing in Salt Lake City, have experimented
with the rapidly emerging range of gene-altered drugs. Unfettered by
fears of being caught they will, predict experts, shatter the accepted
limits of human performance.

"I think genetic engineering may have already started," says former speed
skating champion Johann Olav Koss, a member of the World Anti-Doping
Agency (WADA). "We can't be naive. We must be realistic."  "

---------------------------------------------------------

 >From BBC Sport:
Friday, 22 March, 2002, 11:08 GMT
Engineering athletes
<http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/front_page/1887091.stm>

"In what ways can genetic modification enhance sporting performance?

Researchers are looking at the possibility of isolating "performance"
genes and correcting dysfunctional ones.

Put into practice, this would make a person more healthy and,
potentially, more capable of being athletic."

---------------------------------------------------------

An embarrassment of archived riches of news stories about drugs in sport
may be found in the article archives of the "Drugs in Sport" news archive.
This website is a service of Wired.

Drugs in Sport News Archive
<http://www.drugsinsport.net/archive.htm>

Drugs in Sport News January 2004
<http://www.drugsinsport.net/index.htm>

Monthly coverage on this topic extends back to January 2002.

Here is a content sample of the news stories covered:

  Bush administration's ephedra ban puts dietary supplement industry on
notice [31/12/03]
The pending ban on the herb ephedra sends a signal to a large and loosely
regulated industry that the government is willing to crack down on risky
dietary supplements [San Francisco Chronicle, USA]

'On the whole I've felt better but there have still been bonkers moments'
[29/12/03]
It's been a funny old year - like most of them, come to think of it
[Ronnie O'Sullivan in Guardian, UK]

Palios defends Rio ban [28/12/03]
Football Association chief executive Mark Palios has defended the decision
to ban Rio Ferdinand for eight months for failing to take a drugs test
[BBC, UK]

Russia sounds drugs warning [26/12/03]
Russia's anti-doping chief has claimed that sport is losing the battle
against drugs cheats [BBC, UK]

Questions of sport [24/12/03]
Has anyone come out well in the Rio Ferdinand case? What lessons should be
learnt? [Times Letters, UK]

---------------------------------------------------------

BAD SPORTS.(Olympics 2000; athletes; drug abuse)(Statistical Data
Included)
Current Events, Oct 27, 2000
<http://www.findarticles.com/cf_dls/m0EPF/8_100/66677898/p1/article.jhtml?term=>


The IOC ousted the entire Bulgarian weightlifting team after the athletes
tested positive for drugs that can lower body weight or flush other drugs
out of athletes' systems.

Shot-putter C.J. Hunter, husband of U.S. track star Marion Jones, tested
positive for steroids, drugs that can boost an athlete's strength, speed,
and endurance, prior to the Games. He did not compete in Sydney.

---------------------------------------------------------

This bibliography on the web sites a large number of published articles on
this topic and is twenty-two web pages in length:

The National Sport Information Centre
Sports Journal Update Database
Australian Sports Web
http://www.ausport.gov.au/nsic/sju/query.asp?Subject=31

Sample Citation

MALLOY, D.C.; ZAKUS, D.H.
Ethics of drug testing in sport - an invasion of privacy justified?
Sport, Education and Society v7 (2) Oct 2002; p. 203 - 218
Keywords: DRUG; ETHICS; PRIVACY; TESTING

---------------------------------------------------------

Here is an article on the future of sports from ESPN:

Tuesday, June 3
Sports 2050: More options
By Tom Farrey
ESPN.com
The year is 2050.  [This is a reader poll about drugs and athletes.]
<http://espn.go.com/otl/athlete/2050.html>

---------------------------------------------------------

Yahoo has a directory of social issues and includes the topic of drugs and
sport as one social issue webliography link.

Yahoo Directory
Issues and Causes
  Directory > Society and Culture > Issues and Causes
<http://dir.yahoo.com/Society_and_Culture/Issues_and_Causes/>

Drugs in Sports
  Directory > Recreation > Sports > Drugs in Sports
<http://dir.yahoo.com/Recreation/Sports/Drugs_in_Sports/>

Content Sample

Anti Doping Commission of India - includes dope control stations,
prohibited substances, and sampling procedure.

Australian Sports Commission: Drugs in Sport - includes links to full-text
resources and anti-doping organizations.

Australian Sports Drug Agency (ASDA) - mission is to provide an
independent high quality and accessible anti-doping program to enable
Australian sport to deter athletes from banned doping practices.

Council of Europe: Anti-Doping Convention - contains a reference list of
banned substances.

Doping and Sports - collective expert assessment from the CNRS.

Drugs & Sports - promotes anti-doping policies and preventing youth drug
use through sports. From the Office of National Drug Control Policy.

Drugs in Sport - provides information on performance enhancing drugs in
sport, the latest articles on the subject, reports, resources, and useful
web sites.

FindLaw: Drug Use in Sports - includes a story archive, and background
information on testing, prevention, policies, and commonly used drugs.

ALSO of Possible Interest:

Biotechnology > Genetic Engineering
  Directory > Science > Biology > Biotechnology > Genetic Engineering
<http://dir.yahoo.com/Science/Biology/Biotechnology/Genetic_Engineering/>

---------------------------------------------------------

Future jocks: in the next decade, cutting-edge gene research may cure
hundreds of diseases. It may also help cheating athletes build superhuman
strength. (Life science: genetic engineering).
Science World, Sept 27, 2002, by Michael Stroh
<http://www.findarticles.com/cf_dls/m1590/2_59/99554829/p1/article.jhtml>

---------------------------------------------------------

CNN.com Health also checks in with a future looking article on this topic.

Genetic enhancements may be on horizon for athletes
February 20, 2002 Posted: 3:47 PM EST (2047 GMT)
 >From Rea Blakey
CNN Medical Unit
<http://www.cnn.com/2002/HEALTH/diet.fitness/02/20/engineered.athletes/>

"WASHINGTON (CNN) -- Doping scandals have become an almost routine part of
modern sporting competitions, including the Olympics. But many sports
scientists warn that performance-enhancing drugs may be a thing of the
past when it comes to illicit ways to win.

Scientists on the forefront of genetic manipulation predict that in as
little as five to 15 years, athletes may be using genetic engineering to
get the edge over their opponents.

For instance, techniques evolved from animal research at the University of
Pittsburgh could potentially be used to heal sports injuries and enhance
athletic performance. Scientists are injecting stem cells into muscle
cells in hopes of helping children with muscular dystrophy.

"The growth factor that we're using, the stem cells that we're using, the
gene therapy that we have been performing, can be used to improve the
strength of a muscle," says Johnny Huard, of the university's molecular
genetics department."

---------------------------------------------------------

Doping in Sport: From Strychnine to Genetic Enhancement: It's a Moving
Target
<http://www.law.duke.edu/sportscenter/wadler.pdf>

Here is a reading from PBS on this topic via its television program in
science called NOVA

Further Reading
<http://www.science.org.au/nova/055/055fur.htm>

The Future of Performance-Enhancing Substances in Sport.
Banrke, Michael S.; Yesalis, Charles E..
Physician & Sportsmedicine
November 2002  Vol. 30  Issue 11  p. 51

FUTURE JOCK. By: Yaeger, Don; Kim, Albert; Kennedy, Kostya.
Sports Illustrated
3/25/2002  Vol. 96  Issue 13  p. 26

Athletes May Next Seek Genetic Enhancement.
Sandomir, Richard.
New York Times
3/21/2002  Vol. 151  Issue 52064, p. D6

SCIENCE OF SPEED.
Begley, Sharon; Rosenberg, Debra; Carmichael, Mary.
Newsweek
2/18/2002  Vol. 139  Issue 7  p. 56

Someday Soon, Athletic Edge May Be From Altered Genes.
Longman, Jere.
New York Times
05/11/2001  Vol. 150  Issue 51750  p. A1

Genetic Technologies and Sport: The New Ethical Issue.
Miah, Andy.
Journal of the Philosophy of Sport,
Spring 2001  Vol. 28  Issue 1  p. 32

The Engineered Athlete: Human Rights in the Genetic Revolution.
Miah, Andy.
Culture, Sport, Society
Autumn 2000  Vol. 3  Issue 3  p. 25

Olympic Engineering.
Sterling, Bruce.
New York Times
09/16/2000  Vol. 149  Issue 51513  p. A15


Sincerely,
David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
jwne@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
<http://groups.yahoo.com/group/NetGold/>
<http://www.edu-cyberpg.com/ringleaders/davidd.html>
<http://www.kovacs.com/medref-l/medref-l.html>

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