[net-gold] MEDICAL: RESEARCH: Origins of XMRV Deciphered, Undermining Claims For a Role in Human Disease
- From: "David P. Dillard" <jwne@xxxxxxxxxx>
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- Date: Sun, 21 Aug 2011 10:59:32 -0400 (EDT)
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MEDICAL: RESEARCH:
Origins of XMRV Deciphered,
Undermining Claims For a Role in Human Disease
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Date: Thu, 2 Jun 2011 14:15:22 -0400
From: "NIH OLIB (NIH/OD)" <olib@xxxxxxxxxx>
To: NIHPRESS@xxxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: Origins of XMRV Deciphered,
Undermining Claims For a Role in Human Disease
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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH NIH News
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
http://www.cancer.gov/
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Embargoed for Release: Thursday, June 2, 2011, 2 p.m. EDT
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CONTACT:
NCI Office of Media Relations,
301-496-6641
e-mail:
ncipressofficers@xxxxxxxxxxxx
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ORIGINS OF XMRV DECIPHERED, UNDERMINING CLAIMS FOR A ROLE IN HUMAN DISEASE
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Delineation of the origin of the retrovirus known as XMRV from the genomes
of laboratory mice indicates that the virus is unlikely to be responsible
for either prostate cancer or chronic fatigue syndrome in humans, as has
been widely published. The virus arose because of genetic recombination
of two mouse viruses. Subsequent infection of lab experiments with XMRV
formed the basis of the original association.
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Reporting in Science, Vinay Pathak, Ph.D., and his research team from the
National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the National Institutes of
Health, in collaboration with other researchers, described experiments
that provide an understanding of when and how XMRV arose and explain the
original, incorrect association. XMRV stands for xenotropic murine
leukemia virus-related virus.
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This study is being reported in the same issue of Science as another study
of XMRV (Knox et al.) that finds a lack of association between the virus
and CFS even in the same patients from a 2009 study. "Taken together,
these results essentially close the door on XMRV as a cause of human
disease," said John Coffin, Ph.D., special advisor to the NCI director,
and professor at Tufts University School of Medicine, a coauthor of the
paper with Pathak.
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Murine leukemia viruses are retroviruses that cause cancers and other
diseases in mice. They are divided into different classes, one of which
is xenotropic murine leukemia viruses. Although viruses in this class
cannot grow in or infect cells from most mice, in the laboratory they can
infect cells from other species, including human cells.
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XMRV was first reported in samples from a human prostate tumor in 2006,
and has been reported to be present in 6 percent to 27 percent of human
prostate cancers. Later research reported XMRV in the blood of 67 percent
of people with CFS.
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The assertion that XMRV is circulating in the human population has been
challenged by several studies that have failed to detect XMRV in multiple
sets of specimens from people with prostate cancer or CFS and healthy
controls.
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To try to resolve the degree of association between XMRV and human
disease, Pathak, who led these studies at NCI in its Viral Mutation
Section, Coffin, and their colleagues examined human prostate cancer cells
which contained XMRV, as well as the tumors from which these prostate cell
specimens arose after they were grafted into mice. Grafting human tumors,
called xenografts, into mice is a common way to study disease when it
might be unsafe to test new treatments or methods in humans.
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Upon careful examination in this new study, it was shown that initial
prostate tumor xenografts did not contain XMRV but later tumors that had
been derived from them did, demonstrating that XMRV was not present in the
original human tumor as previously supposed. Instead, the virus appears to
have infected tumor cells while they were in mice. In addition, the mice
that were used for xenografting the prostate tumor cells contained two
previously undescribed viruses, PreXMRV-1 and PreXMRV-2. Each of these
viruses has a stretch of over 3,200 nucleotides, the basic building blocks
of DNA, which is nearly identical to XMRV, differing by only a single
nucleotide.
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Genetic comparison of the PreXMRV-1 and PreXMRV-2 sequences revealed that
each one has non-overlapping stretches that are nearly identical to XMRV.
Pathak, Coffin, and their colleagues postulate that recombination between
these viruses generated XMRV in human cells while the cells were being
grown in a mouse sometime between 1993 and1996 and infected the prostate
tumor cells. Recombination between virus genomes in a cell infected by
more than one virus is common.
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Based on this genetic analysis, the scientists concluded that XMRV was not
present in the original prostate tumor samples but arose only after they
had been put into mice. The probability that an identical recombination
event occurred independently is about 1 in 1 trillion, making it extremely
unlikely that XMRV arose from another source. The researchers concluded
that the association of XMRV with human disease is due to contamination of
samples with virus originating from this recombination event.
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"After the reports of XMRV in human prostate cancer, and later of XMRV in
people with CFS, retrovirologists all over the world were excited to
explore its role in human infection and disease. The results published
today are not what we would have expected, but due to the time and
resources dedicated to the understanding of this virus by researchers at
NCI and NIH as well as others, scientists can now concentrate on
identifying the real causes of these diseases," said Pathak.
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NCI leads the National Cancer Program and the NIH effort to dramatically
reduce the burden of cancer and improve the lives of cancer patients and
their families, through research into prevention and cancer biology, the
development of new interventions, and the training and mentoring of new
researchers. For more information about cancer, please visit the NCI Web
site at
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http://www.cancer.gov
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or call NCI's Cancer Information Service at
1-800-4-CANCER
(1-800-422-6237)
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About the National Institutes of Health (NIH): NIH, the nation's medical
research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of
the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary
federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and
translational medical research, and is investigating the causes,
treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more
information about NIH and its programs, visit
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http://www.nih.gov
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REFERENCES:
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Paprotka et al.
Recombinant Origin of the Retrovirus XMRV
Online Science
May 31, 2011
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Knox et al.
No Evidence of Murine-like Gammaretroviruses in CFS Patients
Previously Identified as XMRV-infected
Online Science
May 31, 2011
For a Q&A on XMRV, please go to
http://www.cancer.gov/newscenter/qa/2011/xmrv_qa
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##
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This NIH News Release is available online at:
http://www.nih.gov/news/health/jun2011/nci-02.htm
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Sincerely,
David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
jwne@xxxxxxxxxx
http://daviddillard.businesscard2.com
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