[net-gold] BACTERIA : PARASITES : BIOLOGY : INSECTS : MEDICAL: DISEASES: MALARIA: Certain Bacteria Render Mosquitoes Resistant to Deadly Malaria Parasite
- From: "David P. Dillard" <jwne@xxxxxxxxxx>
- To: Net-Gold -- Educator Gold <Educator-Gold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Educator Gold <Educator-Gold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, net-gold@xxxxxxxxxxxxx, Net-Gold <Net-Gold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, NetGold <netgold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Net-Gold <net-gold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, K-12ADMINLIFE <K12ADMIN@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, K12AdminLIFE <K12AdminLIFE@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, MediaMentor <mediamentor@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Digital Divide Diversity MLS <mls-digitaldivide@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, NetGold <netgold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Net-Platinum <net-platinum@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Sean Grigsby <myarchives1@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Net-Gold <NetGold_general@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Temple Gold Discussion Group <TEMPLE-GOLD@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Temple University Net-Gold Archive <net-gold@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Health Lists -- Health Diet Fitness Recreation Sports Tourism <healthrecsport@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, Health Diet Fitness Recreation Sports <healthrecsport@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>, HEALTH-RECREATION-SPORTS-TOURISM@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
- Date: Sat, 20 Aug 2011 11:47:24 -0400 (EDT)
.
.
BACTERIA :
PARASITES :
BIOLOGY :
INSECTS :
MEDICAL: DISEASES: MALARIA:
Certain Bacteria Render Mosquitoes Resistant to Deadly Malaria Parasite
.
.
Date: Mon, 16 May 2011 12:36:45 -0400
From: "NIH OLIB (NIH/OD)" <olib@xxxxxxxxxx>
To: NIHPRESS@xxxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: Certain Bacteria Render Mosquitoes
Resistant to Deadly Malaria Parasite
.
.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH NIH News
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
http://www.niaid.nih.gov/
For Immediate Release: Monday, May 16, 2011
.
.
CONTACT: Nalini Padmanabhan, (301) 402-1663,
<e-mail:padmanabhannm@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
.
.
CERTAIN BACTERIA RENDER MOSQUITOES
RESISTANT TO DEADLY MALARIA PARASITE
.
.
Results of NIH-funded study could help prevent malaria
.
Scientists have identified a class of naturally occurring bacteria that
can strongly inhibit malaria-causing parasites in Anopheles mosquitoes, a
finding that could have implications for efforts to control malaria. The
study, led by George Dimopoulos, Ph.D., of the Bloomberg School of Public
Health and the Malaria Research Institute, both of Johns Hopkins
University, Baltimore, appears in the May 13 edition of Science. The
research was partly funded by the National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases (NIAID), a component of the National Institutes of
Health.
.
According to the World Health Organization, an estimated 225 million
malaria cases occur worldwide annually, resulting in about 781,000 deaths.
Although the disease is present in 106 countries, most cases occur in
sub-Saharan Africa. Insect repellent and bed nets can help prevent
transmission of the malaria parasite from mosquitoes to humans, but to
control malaria one step earlier, some studies are looking to eliminate
infection within the mosquito itself.
.
Normally, when a malaria parasite infects a mosquito, it travels to the
insect's gut, where its chances for survival are slim because the
mosquito's immune system, digestive enzymes and resident bacteria create a
hostile environment. In their new study, the scientists found that among
the various types of bacteria in the mosquito gut, Enterobacter -- a type
of bacteria that occurs in some but not all mosquitoes -- effectively
blocked infection with the malaria-causing parasite Plasmodium falciparum.
.
"This discovery may explain why some mosquitoes are better than others at
transmitting malaria to humans, even when they are of the same species,"
explained NIAID Director Anthony S. Fauci, M.D.
.
The Hopkins researchers found that in the presence of Enterobacter,
various developmental stages of the P. falciparum parasite -- including
the stage that is transmitted to humans through a mosquito bite -- were
reduced by 98 to 99 percent.
.
"Our study used a laboratory method of P. falciparum infection, which
causes stronger infections than those that take place in a natural
environment," explained Dr. Dimopoulos. "We believe that in a natural
situation, where infection levels are much lower, this bacterium would
eliminate the parasite. Further, there is no evidence that Enterobacter
is toxic to either mosquitoes or humans."
.
By observing the interaction between the bacteria and the parasite, the
scientists determined that Enterobacter inhibits parasite growth by
producing short-lived molecules known as reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Although ROS travel through body fluids in the mosquito, they do not need
to be in a mosquito to inhibit parasites.
.
Future research plans include sequencing the Enterobacter genome to better
understand how it produces malaria-inhibiting ROS and studying other
bacteria that reside in the mosquito gut to learn whether they have
similar effects.
.
"If we can find a correlation between mosquitoes' malaria infection status
and the presence or absence of a particular bacterium, it may suggest that
the bacterium inhibits malaria parasites," said Dr. Dimopoulos.
Identifying a variety of malaria-inhibiting bacteria would be especially
useful since not all mosquitoes have Enterobacter in their guts.
.
The researchers hope to apply their findings to the field, where they
would first modify Enterobacter for use in mosquitoes. The next step would
be to strategically place the bacteria in the mosquitoes' natural
environment, such as in their sugar food sources or breeding sites.
Although these strategies have not yet been tested in malaria prevention,
sugar baits have been used successfully to expose mosquitoes to toxins.
.
"This is a novel way of looking at how the mosquito and malaria parasite
interact," said Adriana Costero-Saint Denis, Ph.D., program officer in
NIAID's Vector Biology Program. "It adds another layer to the study of
malaria."
.
For more information about NIAID's malaria research, see the NIAID malaria
Web portal
http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/malaria/Pages/default.aspx
.
NIAID conducts and supports research -- at NIH, throughout the United
States, and worldwide -- to study the causes of infectious and
immune-mediated diseases, and to develop better means of preventing,
diagnosing and treating these illnesses. News releases, fact sheets and
other NIAID-related materials are available on the NIAID Web site at
http://www.niaid.nih.gov
.
About the National Institutes of Health (NIH): NIH, the nation's medical
research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of
the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary
federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and
translational medical research, and is investigating the causes,
treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more
information about NIH and its programs, visit
http://www.nih.gov
.
.
------------------
.
.
REFERENCE:
.
C Cirimotich et al.
Natural microbe-mediated refractoriness to Plasmodium infection in
Anopheles gambiae
Science
DOI: 10.1126/science.1201618
(2011)
.
.
##
.
.
This NIH News Release is available online at:
http://www.nih.gov/news/health/may2011/niaid-16.htm
.
.
.
Sincerely,
David Dillard
Temple University
(215) 204 - 4584
jwne@xxxxxxxxxx
http://daviddillard.businesscard2.com
Net-Gold
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/net-gold
Index: http://tinyurl.com/myxb4w
http://listserv.temple.edu/archives/net-gold.html
http://groups.google.com/group/net-gold?hl=en
General Internet & Print Resources
http://guides.temple.edu/general-internet
COUNTRIES
http://guides.temple.edu/general-country-info
EMPLOYMENT
http://guides.temple.edu/EMPLOYMENT
TOURISM
http://guides.temple.edu/tourism
DISABILITIES
http://guides.temple.edu/DISABILITIES
INDOOR GARDENING
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/IndoorGardeningUrban/
Educator-Gold
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Educator-Gold/
K12ADMINLIFE
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/K12AdminLIFE/
THE COLLEGE LEARNING CENTER
http://tinyurl.com/yae7w79
Nina Dillard's Photographs on Net-Gold
http://tinyurl.com/36qd2o
and also http://gallery.me.com/neemers1
http://www.flickr.com/photos/neemers/
Net-Gold Membership Required to View Photos
Twitter: davidpdillard
Bushell, R. & Sheldon, P. (eds),
Wellness and Tourism: Mind, Body, Spirit,
Place, New York: Cognizant Communication Books.
Wellness Tourism: Bibliographic and Webliographic Essay
David P. Dillard
http://tinyurl.com/p63whl
http://tinyurl.com/ou53aw
INDOOR GARDENING
Improve Your Chances for Indoor Gardening Success
http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/IndoorGardeningUrban/
http://groups.google.com/group/indoor-gardening-and-urban-gardening
SPORT-MED
https://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/lists/sport-med.html
http://groups.google.com/group/sport-med
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/sports-med/
http://listserv.temple.edu/archives/sport-med.html
HEALTH DIET FITNESS RECREATION SPORTS TOURISM
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/healthrecsport/
http://groups.google.com/group/healthrecsport
http://healthrecsport.jiglu.com/
http://listserv.temple.edu/archives/health-recreation-sports-tourism.html
.
.
Please Ignore All Links to JIGLU
in search results for Net-Gold and related lists.
The Net-Gold relationship with JIGLU has
been terminated by JIGLU and these are dead links.
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Net-Gold/message/30664
http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/healthrecsport/message/145
.
.
Other related posts:
- » [net-gold] BACTERIA : PARASITES : BIOLOGY : INSECTS : MEDICAL: DISEASES: MALARIA: Certain Bacteria Render Mosquitoes Resistant to Deadly Malaria Parasite - David P. Dillard
