[nasional_list] [ppiindia] Re: Raja dan Pencuri [Intermezzo]

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** Beasiswa dalam negeri dan luar negeri S1 S2 S3 dan post-doctoral 
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http://informasi-beasiswa.blogspot.com **--- In ppiindia@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx, "Lina 
Dahlan" <linadahlan@...> 
wrote:
>
> Siapa yang melarang meniru. Silakan saja meniru yang baik. 
> Apakah negara2 yang mbah sebutkan tsb bener3 sukses. Apa saja 
ukuran kesuksesan suatu negara?. Moral (kemaksiatan or kejahatan), 
luas area, Kesejahteraan: pendapatan perkapita, banyaknya penduduk, 
> peradaban. 

Siapa yang pernah mengadakan riset ttg ini?
>

DH: Ukuran? gampang mbak, ini sudah di-standardized. Yang research 
banyak mbak, yang membuar gelar doktor dalam thema ini juga banyak, 
di fakultas Ekonomi disini. Mbok ya main main kemari mbak, indah kok.

Ini misalnya:

Economy of Switzerland


Statistics 

GDP Ranking (2003) [1] 37th 
GDP (2004) [2] $366.9 billion 
GDP growth rate (Q1 2005) 1.8% 
GDP per Capita (Q2 '04 annualised) $33,800 
GDP by sector (2004) agriculture (1.5%), industry (34.0%), services 
(36.5%) 
Inflation rate (Q1 2005) 0.9%  nahhh? !!!!!!!
Labour force by occupation (2002) agriculture (4.6%), industry 
(26.3%), services (69.1%) 
Unemployment rate (2004 est) 3.4%  nahhhh? !!!!!!
Main Industries machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision 
instruments 
Trading Partners 
Exports $130.7 billion (2004 est) 
Main Partners (2004 est) Germany 20%, US 9.1%, France 9.1%, Italy 
8.8%, UK 4.9% 
Imports $121.1 billion (2004 est) 
Main Partners (2004 est) Germany 29%, Italy 11.8%, France 11.1%, US 
7.6%, Austria 4.5%, UK 4.5%, Netherlands 4.3% 
Public Finances 
Public Debt (2005) 57.2% of GDP 
External Debt (2005 est) $NA 
Revenues (2004) $131.5 billion 
Expenses (2004) $140.4 billion 
Economic Aid (ODA) (1997) $1.1 billion 


The economy of Switzerland is one of the world's most stable 
economies. Its policy of long-term monetary security and bank 
secrecy has made Switzerland a safe haven for investors, creating an 
economy that is increasingly dependent on a steady tide of foreign 
investment. Because of the country's small size and high labour 
specialisation, industry and trade are the keys to Switzerland's 
economic livelihood.



History
For much of the 20th century Switzerland was the wealthiest country 
in Europe by a considerable margin. However since the 1990s it has 
suffered from slow growth, and as of 2005 it dropped to fourth place 
among European states with populations above one million in terms of 
Gross Domestic Product per capita at purchasing power parity, behind 
Ireland, Denmark and Norway (see list).

Between 1991 to 1997, Switzerland had the weakest economic growth in 
Western Europe, averaging no appreciable increase in gross domestic 
product (GDP). Beginning in 1997, however, a global resurgence in 
currency movement provided the necessary stimulus to the Swiss 
economy. It slowly gained momentum and peaked in the year 2000 with 
3.0% growth in real terms.

This is a chart of trend of gross domestic product of Switzerland at 
market prices estimated by the International Monetary Fund with 
figures in millions of Swiss Francs.

Year Gross Domestic Product US Dollar Exchange 
1980 183,077 1.67 Francs 
1985 242,045 2.43 Francs 
1990 327,584 1.38 Francs 
1995 372,250 1.18 Francs 
2000 415,529 1.68 Francs 
2005 456,859 1.24 Francs 

Trade
Apart from industry, trade has been the key to prosperity in 
Switzerland. The country is dependent upon exports to generate 
income and on imports for raw materials and goods. With the notable 
exception of a strict policy of agricultural protectionism, 
Switzerland has liberal trade and investment policies. An expansive 
commercial and bank law system makes Switzerland one of the most 
secure investment places in the world. The Swiss franc is one of the 
world's soundest currencies, and the country is known for its high 
standard of Swiss banking and financial services.

The machinery, metals, electronics, and chemicals sectors are known 
for precision and quality. Together, they account for well over half 
of Switzerland's export revenues. The country is approximately 60% 
self-sufficient, taking only 7.5% of its imports from the U.S.

Switzerland ranks 18th among the main trading partners of the U.S. 
worldwide. The Swiss economy earns roughly half of its corporate 
earnings from the export industry and about 70% of Swiss exports are 
destined for the EU market.

The United States is the second-largest importer (9.1%) of Swiss 
goods after Germany (20.0%). Germany, on the other hand, exports 
more to Switzerland each year than to all the countries of the 
former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe combined. In addition, the 
United States is the largest foreign investor in Switzerland, and 
conversely, the primary destination of Swiss foreign investment. It 
is estimated that 200,000 American jobs depend on Swiss foreign 
investments. Total U.S.-Swiss bilateral trade, nevertheless, 
decreased by 12% to $17.16 billion during 2002 compared to the 
previous year.

[edit]
Agricultural protectionism
Switzerland is extremely protective of its agricultural industry. 
High tariffs and extensive domestic subsidisation ensures that the 
country will remain largely self sufficient agriculturally. 
According to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and 
Development (OECD), Switzerland is subsidizing more than 70% of its 
agriculture compared to 35% in the EU. The 2007 Agricultural 
Program, recently adopted by the Swiss Federal Assembly, will 
increase subsidies by SF 63 million to SF 14.092 billion.

The stringent policy of agricultural protectionism is generally 
harmful to the workforce. Domestic agriculture will monopolise 
labour that can be better deployed elsewhere and acts as a shield 
against beneficial import of labour. Consequently, Switzerland has a 
high cost of living in not only food but also rents, since much land 
needed for human occupation is retained by farms. About 40% of 
Switzerland is covered for agricultural purposes.


Tourism
Switzerland has a highly developed tourism infrastructure, making it 
a good market for tourism-related equipment and services). Tourism 
is the most important U.S. export to Switzerland, contributing about 
SF 1.5 billion to the Swiss economy every year.


Workforce
The Swiss economy is characterised by a skilled and peaceful 
workforce. One quarter of the country's full-time workers are 
unionised. Labour and management relations are amicable, 
characterised by a willingness to settle disputes instead of 
resorting to labour action. About 600 collective bargaining 
agreements exist today in Switzerland and are regularly renewed 
without major problems.

Terrorism
Through the United States-Swiss Joint Economic Commission (JEC), 
Switzerland has passed strict legislation covering anti-terrorism 
financing and the prevention of terroristic acts, marked by the 
implementation of several anti-money laundering procedures and the 
seizure of al-Qaeda accounts. Continued relationship with the United 
States through the JEC has brought the Swiss economy into closer 
proximity with that of the Western world, with mutualistic goals in 
terrorism prevention providing the impetus.


European Union
With exception of agriculture, economic and trade barriers between 
the European Union and Switzerland are minimal. In the wake of the 
Swiss voters' rejection of the European Economic Area Agreement in 
1992, the Swiss Government set its sights on negotiating bilateral 
economic agreements with the EU. Four years of negotiations 
culminated in Bilaterals, a cross-platform agreement covering seven 
sectors: research, public procurement, technical barriers to trade, 
agriculture, civil aviation, land transport, and the free movement 
of persons. Parliament officially endorsed the Bilaterals in 1999 
and it was approved by general referendum in May 2000. The 
agreements, which were then ratified by the European Parliament and 
the legislatures of its member states, entered into force on June 1, 
2002. The Swiss government has since embarked on a second round of 
negotiations, caled the Bilaterals II, which will further strengthen 
the two organisations' economic ties.

Switzerland has since brought most of their practices into 
conformity with European Union policies and norms in order to 
maximise the country's international competitiveness. While most of 
the EU policies are not contentious, police and judicial cooperation 
to international law enforcement and the taxation of savings are 
controversial, mainly because of possible side effects on bank 
secrecy.

Swiss and EU finance ministers agreed in June 2003 that Swiss banks 
would levy a withholding tax on EU citizens' savings income. The tax 
would increase gradually to 35% by 2011, with 75% of the funds being 
transferred to the EU. Recent estimates value EU capital inflows to 
Switzerland to $8.3 billion.


----------------------


Pertanyaan mbak sudah terjawab "mana negara negara yang benar benar 
sukses"?

Mau data data negara negara yang saya sebut makmur dan patut ditiru 
mbak? Kan katanya nggak ada negara yang beres? ini beres tu?

Mbak mau kasih data data negara negara sanjungan mbak? Monggo?

Salam statistik


Danardono







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