Substitute in this instance is replacing the character with nothing, i.e. "", so the length of the string is being shortened by the number of replacements. In the first example it has 5 instances of e so the comparison string becomes 5 less than it started out as. Hope that helps, Joe -----Original Message----- From: mso-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:mso-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx]On Behalf Of Robert Carneal Sent: Tuesday, September 16, 2003 3:03 PM To: mso@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [mso] Re: once more COUNTIF ? <Copy> Well, you were paying attention. Your final assertion that COUNTIF will not do what you're after in a single cell is correct. Now, I don't know which function you would use to do that but I know how I would approach the problem with VBA: <End> I am still learning VBA, but is this a non-VBA answer to my own question? (Note: I am not sure +why+ it works, so Linda, your turn to explain how/why it works with a sharp tongue. <g>) If I have Mattie Lee Belle in A1, and =LEN(A1)-LEN(SUBSTITUTE(A1,"e","")) in A2, then the result is 5. If I have "1808-09-12" in A3, and =LEN(A3)-LEN(SUBSTITUTE(A1,"-","")) in A4, it shows a result of 2. This IS giving me what I want, but I am a little pleasantly surprised- I thought SUBSTITUTE replaced a character for a character? Thank you. Robert ************************************************************* You are receiving this mail because you subscribed to mso@xxxxxxxxxxxxx or MicrosoftOffice@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx To send mail to the group, simply address it to mso@xxxxxxxxxxxxx To Unsubscribe from this group, send an email to mso-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with the word "unsubscribe" (without the quotes) in the subject line. Or, visit the group's homepage and use the dropdown menu. This will also allow you to change your email settings to digest or vacation (no mail). //www.freelists.org/webpage/mso To be able to use the files section for sharing files with the group, send a request to mso-moderators@xxxxxxxxxxxxx and you will be sent an invitation with instructions. Once you are a member of the files group, you can go here to upload/download files: http://www.smartgroups.com/vault/msofiles ************************************************************* --- Incoming mail is certified Virus Free. Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). Version: 6.0.518 / Virus Database: 316 - Release Date: 9/11/2003 --- Outgoing mail is certified Virus Free. Checked by AVG anti-virus system (http://www.grisoft.com). Version: 6.0.518 / Virus Database: 316 - Release Date: 9/11/2003 ************************************************************* You are receiving this mail because you subscribed to mso@xxxxxxxxxxxxx or MicrosoftOffice@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx To send mail to the group, simply address it to mso@xxxxxxxxxxxxx To Unsubscribe from this group, send an email to mso-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with the word "unsubscribe" (without the quotes) in the subject line. Or, visit the group's homepage and use the dropdown menu. This will also allow you to change your email settings to digest or vacation (no mail). //www.freelists.org/webpage/mso To be able to use the files section for sharing files with the group, send a request to mso-moderators@xxxxxxxxxxxxx and you will be sent an invitation with instructions. Once you are a member of the files group, you can go here to upload/download files: http://www.smartgroups.com/vault/msofiles *************************************************************