Linda, Did you see my previous post on this? Greg explains it very well. Excel requires quotes because it is looking for a string. However, if you place a formula or cell reference inside of the quotes, they too are seen as a string. Using the ampersand merely allows the function to be performed and the result concatenated to the string. This way Excel sees a string and it sees a function. James -----Original Message----- From: Linda F. Johnson [mailto:linda@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx] Sent: Monday, September 15, 2003 3:08 PM To: mso@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [mso] Re: FW: CountIF help :VSMail mx2 No Greg...actually the COUNTIF formula DOES require quotes where you put the criteria...you try to do a COUNTIF without the quotes and Excel won't accept it For example, if you want the count of all numbers in a range that are greater than 10, the formula would read =COUNTIF(A1:A100,"<10") And that's why Excel sees it as a string...cuz Excel sees all stuff in quotes as a string of text. I guess the next discussion could be why the hell does Excel make you put the criteria in quotes in a COUNTIF formula if it doesn't make you do that in an IF statement LOL Linda F. Johnson, M.A., MOS Linda's Computer Stop http://personal-computer-tutor.com Free e-Books, Newsletter, and tutorials -----Original Message----- From: mso-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:mso-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Greg Chapman Sent: Monday, September 15, 2003 5:39 PM To: mso@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [mso] Re: FW: CountIF help The ampersand didn't change year to 2003. Year(Today()) does equal 2003 (well, it does for the rest of this year, at least). Ampersand just tells Excel to concatenate, as you noted, instead of Adding (which it might attempt to do if you specified '+' instead of '&'). I was watching this thread as it happened and the reason Ray is taking such pains with it is that the format posted before placed the formula within the confines of some oepning and closing quotations. Excel would be quite correct in looking at that and saying to itself, "Oh. I see. So, since you surrounded all that in quotes, I should print it just as I see it rather than assuming you want me to actually calculate what year it is." Quotes are powerful and anything within them gets treated only as a series of character bytes. That, not the ampersand, is where the first divergence in understanding occurred. Greg Chapman ************************************************************* You are receiving this mail because you subscribed to mso@xxxxxxxxxxxxx or MicrosoftOffice@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx To send mail to the group, simply address it to mso@xxxxxxxxxxxxx To Unsubscribe from this group, send an email to mso-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with the word "unsubscribe" (without the quotes) in the subject line. Or, visit the group's homepage and use the dropdown menu. This will also allow you to change your email settings to digest or vacation (no mail). //www.freelists.org/webpage/mso To be able to use the files section for sharing files with the group, send a request to mso-moderators@xxxxxxxxxxxxx and you will be sent an invitation with instructions. Once you are a member of the files group, you can go here to upload/download files: http://www.smartgroups.com/vault/msofiles ************************************************************* ************************************************************* You are receiving this mail because you subscribed to mso@xxxxxxxxxxxxx or MicrosoftOffice@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx To send mail to the group, simply address it to mso@xxxxxxxxxxxxx To Unsubscribe from this group, send an email to mso-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with the word "unsubscribe" (without the quotes) in the subject line. Or, visit the group's homepage and use the dropdown menu. This will also allow you to change your email settings to digest or vacation (no mail). //www.freelists.org/webpage/mso To be able to use the files section for sharing files with the group, send a request to mso-moderators@xxxxxxxxxxxxx and you will be sent an invitation with instructions. Once you are a member of the files group, you can go here to upload/download files: http://www.smartgroups.com/vault/msofiles *************************************************************