[lit-ideas] Re: hutus hate tutsis
- From: "Judith Evans" <judithevans1@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- To: <lit-ideas@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Tue, 20 Feb 2007 01:07:46 -0000
> Here's the abstract of a scholarly paper on the subject....
>Abandon Israel or
> die... or just plain die. No news is no news.
Did you read the paper, Eric? (I know you quoted the Abstract
plus a number of
other paragraphs from it.) Its *subject* is (I quote from the
Abstract)
"the relative contributions of macro-level socioeconomic and
political influences, individual-level demographic factors, and
TV news use to anti-American attitudes"
Then, the first part of the paper proper gives the views/findings
of various other researchers as to attitudes to the US in Muslim
countries. As the Abstract says, they disagree on its sources;
in that part of the paper, it's clear that "sources" does not
include US foreign policy, and a fortiori, the US's attitude to
Israel, at all; in the next paragraph, though, studies are cited
that do single out US foreign policy -- Israel is not mentioned.
As we wend our way through the paper, beyond the part you quoted,
we find a Pew study cited that says, this paper's authors say,
that
"...strong antipathy towards the US primarily stemmed from US
support for Israel, the widespread belief that the US ignores the
interests of Muslim countries in deciding its international
policies, the perception that US policies serve to increase the
formidable gapbetween rich and poor countries, and the view that
the US does too little to solve the world's problems (Kohut
2003a). The recent Iraqi occupation has added a new reason for
disliking the United States while further strengthening these
pre-existing perceptions. (Kohut 2003b)... ".
My claim is not that US policies towards and views of Israel
don't play a major and perhaps defining role, it is that your
summarising the paper's message as
>Abandon Israel or
> die... or just plain die
is just bizarre.
(The paper looks interesting, I'll return to it.)
Judy Evans, Cardiff
-
From: "Eric" <mr.eric.yost@xxxxxxxxx>
To: "Lit-Ideas" <lit-ideas@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Sent: Monday, February 19, 2007 11:51 PM
Subject: [lit-ideas] hutus hate tutsis
> Here's the abstract of a scholarly paper on the subject. The
results are
> from 2002 and Generalissimo Franco is still dead. Abandon
Israel or
> die... or just plain die. No news is no news.
>
>
>
> “Public Diplomacy, Television News, and Muslim Opinion”
> Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics
>
> ABSTRACT
>
> Scholars agree that extreme anti-American sentiment is
pervasive across
> the predominantly Muslim countries of the world, but they
disagree about
> the sources of these negative perceptions. Some researchers
point to
> cultural, religious, and value divisions as primary factors
shaping
> negative perceptions of the United States, while others have
emphasized
> internal Muslim state politics, comparatively low levels of
economic and
> social development, and the failure to establish civil society
and
> democracy as the key contributors to anti-American opinion.
Since the
> U.S. invasion of Afghanistan and the second Persian Gulf War, a
number
> of U.S. policy makers and commentators have zeroed in on
television
> news, specifically the new Pan Arab television network Al
Jazeera, as an
> additional major contributor to anti-American sentiment. In
this study,
> we test these competing claims regarding the sources of
anti-American
> sentiment with a special focus on the impact of television
news.
>
> Using survey data gathered from nine predominantly Muslim
countries by
> the Gallup Organization in Spring 2002, we examine the relative
> contributions of macro-level socioeconomic and political
influences,
> individual-level demographic factors, and TV news use to
anti-American
> attitudes. We find that attention to TV news coverage of the
U.S.
> contributes significantly to anti- American perceptions after
all
> controls, and that the type of TV network to which individuals
turn for
> their news has either amplifying or buffering effects on the
main
> effects of attention to news coverage. Cross-national surveys
conducted
> by a number of different polling agencies indicate that
individuals
> living in predominantly Muslim countries are strongly united in
their
> negative perceptions of the U.S. and in their opposition to
American
> foreign policy (Moore 2002; Pew 2002; Zogby 2002).
>
> Although anti-American sentiment is by no means unique to the
Muslim
> world, the strength of anti- American attitudes in these
politically and
> economically important countries has raised considerable
concern among
> U.S. policymakers. Although scholars now agree that the
anti-American
> sentiments endemic to the Muslim world are likely to have
important
> political consequences, they differ widely on the origins of
these
> perceptions. Some researchers have examined cultural,
religious, and
> value divisions as the primary source of negative perceptions
of the
> U.S. (Huntington 1996; Lewis 2002; Norris & Inglehart
forthcoming;
> Tessler & Nachtwey 1998). Others have identified U.S. foreign
policy and
> actions as the main factor shaping discontent (Telhami 2002;
Hertsgaard
> 2003; Monshipouri 2002; Khan 2002), and still others have
emphasized
> internal Muslim state politics, comparatively lower levels of
economic
> and social development, and the failure to establish civil
society and
> democracy as the key contributors to anti-American opinion
(i.e. Emerson
> 2002; Rubin 2002). A fourth school of thought believes that
negative
> perceptions of the U.S. are fundamentally an issue of public
> communication: whether it is ineffective information campaigns
by the
> U.S. government (Peterson 2002), a “perception gap” partially
created by
> the foreign news media (Emmerson 2002), or the many depictions
of the
> U.S. available through entertainment media (DeFleur & DeFleur
2002).
>
> Recently, popular debate has zeroed in on the Al-Jazeera news
network, a
> Qatar-based independent Arabic satellite channel. Concern
regarding Al
> Jazeera peaked during the U.S. military campaign in Afghanistan
as the
> network aired several Osama bin Laden speeches, gave voice to
bin Laden
> sympathizers in interviews, hosted representatives of the
Taliban
> regime, emphasized civilian casualties in the Afghanistan
conflict more
> than the Western media, and aired harsh commentary directed at
the U.S.
> from guests and callers on its many talk shows. The coverage
resulted in
> complaints from the U.S. government, and a consensus among
American
> policymakers that Al Jazeera was a major contributor to
anti-American
> sentiment (el- Nawawy & Iskandar 2002; Telhami 2002).
>
> Despite these many claims relative to the causes of
anti-American
> sentiment in the Muslim world, empirical investigation has been
somewhat
> limited. In this study therefore, using opinion data gathered
in nine
> predominantly Muslim countries, we test the influence of
structural,
> socio-demographic, and media influences on perceptions of the
U.S. In
> focusing on the influence of television news, we first outline
why a
> concern with Muslim mass audiences, rather than a traditional
focus on
> Muslim elites, has become of strategic concern to U.S.
policymakers. We
> then review important structural, historical, and political
factors
> shaping the contemporary landscape of television news in the
Muslim
> world, and demonstrate that any impact of TV news on Muslim
opinion is
> likely to be the combined result of pre-existing anti-American
> predispositions and differential content effects across Western
and
> Pan-Arab television news networks. Al-Jazeera news network, a
> Qatar-based independent Arabic satellite channel.
>
> Concern regarding Al Jazeera peaked during the U.S. military
campaign in
> Afghanistan as the network aired several Osama bin Laden
speeches, gave
> voice to bin Laden sympathizers in interviews, hosted
representatives of
> the Taliban regime, emphasized civilian casualties in the
Afghanistan
> conflict more than the Western media, and aired harsh
commentary
> directed at the U.S. from guests and callers on its many talk
shows. The
> coverage resulted in complaints from the U.S. government, and a
> consensus among American policymakers that Al Jazeera was a
major
> contributor to anti-American sentiment (el- Nawawy & Iskandar
2002;
> Telhami 2002). Despite these many claims relative to the causes
of
> anti-American sentiment in the Muslim world, empirical
investigation has
> been somewhat limited. In this study therefore, using opinion
data
> gathered in nine predominantly Muslim countries, we test the
influence
> of structural, socio-demographic, and media influences on
perceptions of
> the U.S. In focusing on the influence of television news, we
first
> outline why a concern with Muslim mass audiences, rather than a
> traditional focus on Muslim elites, has become of strategic
concern to
> U.S. policymakers. We then review important structural,
historical, and
> political factors shaping the contemporary landscape of
television news
> in the Muslim world, and demonstrate that any impact of TV news
on
> Muslim opinion is likely to be the combined result of
pre-existing anti-
> American predispositions and differential content effects
across Western
> and Pan-Arab television news networks.
>
>
http://72.14.209.104/search?q=cache:qV3Mp_5lit0J:ics.leeds.ac.uk/papers/pmt/exhibits/1834/PDipTV.pdf
>
>
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