[lit-ideas] Re: Understanding Why Newton Contributed To Human Knowledge With A False Theory

Out of curiosity I did a Google search for "define: knowledge." Here is what
appeared.


cognition: the psychological result of perception and learning and
reasoning
wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=0&oi=define&q=http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn%3Fs%3Dknowledge&usg=AFQjCNHa5DnODm_fEMuiPWjd81p8fyy1Pw>

Knowledge is what is known. Like the related concepts truth, belief, and
wisdom, there is no single definition of knowledge on which scholars agree,
but rather numerous theories and continued debate about the nature of
knowledge.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=1&oi=define&q=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge&usg=AFQjCNEoGaJWHNg--FcQuEZS_bM2kMfXRw>

Knowledge is a song by the ska-core band Operation Ivy. It was written by
lead vocalist Jesse Michaels and appeared on the album Energy.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge
(song)<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=2&oi=define&q=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge+(song)&usg=AFQjCNE9cRdNPs8CP6OdofjvEallCPuvdQ>

Knowledge is a monthly music publication primarily focused on the UK drum
and bass scene, although also covering breakbeat and hip hop releases.
Knowledge is a well-known and respected publication in its scene, and
celebrated its 10th anniversary in December 2004.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge
(magazine)<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=3&oi=define&q=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge+(magazine)&usg=AFQjCNHY3wO6iQEJfSG4FQn83fhNhdx8aA>

Epistemology or theory of knowledge is the branch of philosophy that studies
the nature and scope of knowledge and belief. ...
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge
(philosophy)<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=4&oi=define&q=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge+(philosophy)&usg=AFQjCNG589Nluk5iTWViMMvA43QyuXUrbw>

Is built up from interaction with the world, and is organised and stored in
each individual's mind. It is also stored on an organisational level within
the minds of employees and in paper and electronic records. ...
www.digitalstrategy.govt.nz/templates/Page____60.aspx<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=5&oi=define&q=http://www.digitalstrategy.govt.nz/templates/Page____60.aspx&usg=AFQjCNE-wOtQ-OXtdmCjLPBeIdRbX2l4lw>

Knowledge is part of the hierarchy made up of data, information and
knowledge. Data are raw facts. Information is data with context and
perspective. Knowledge is information with guidance for action based upon
insight and experience.
servicedesk.unimelb.edu.au/knowledgebase/itservices/a-z/k.html<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=6&oi=define&q=http://servicedesk.unimelb.edu.au/knowledgebase/itservices/a-z/k.html&usg=AFQjCNEFtwxUCGoS6voN3YfEWEPsAkYolA>

[TR 350-70] Information or fact required to perform a skill or supported
task.
www.fas.org/news/reference/lexicon/dek.htm<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=7&oi=define&q=http://www.fas.org/news/reference/lexicon/dek.htm&usg=AFQjCNEvmSzoyCz8bsq6jj2lL-fdicFUHw>

What is known by perceptual experience and reasoning. For example,
1234567.89 is data; "Your bank balance has jumped 8087% to $1234567.89" is
information; "Nobody owes me that much money" is knowledge; and "I'd better
talk to the bank before I spend it because of what has happened to other ...
www.ichnet.org/glossary.htm<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=8&oi=define&q=http://www.ichnet.org/glossary.htm&usg=AFQjCNEn53nih0-SdEoXPqlHCgmLSsXhlQ>

Theoretical and/or practical understanding of matters worth knowing; the sum
of what is known.
john.curtin.edu.au/society/glossary/index.html<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=9&oi=define&q=http://john.curtin.edu.au/society/glossary/index.html&usg=AFQjCNFwXE7WM8Qb8XrDFTSFxkH566emfA>

is the result of learning. Knowledge is the internalization of information,
data, and experience. Tacit Knowledge is the personal knowledge resident
within the mind, behavior and perceptions of individual members of the
organization. ...
home.earthlink.net/~ddstuhlman/defin1.htm<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=10&oi=define&q=http://home.earthlink.net/~ddstuhlman/defin1.htm&usg=AFQjCNG_4RNBDXyRxker4tb_iUgQAaiKRg>

information that is given context based on patterns and/or experience. From
Mark's math test scores, his math teacher may observe that his math
performance significantly improves during the first week of every month. ...
lizlian.typepad.com/km_in_education/km_concepts/index.html<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=11&oi=define&q=http://lizlian.typepad.com/km_in_education/km_concepts/index.html&usg=AFQjCNGd7g2aSGY9QgIeeWmJPiBS-7YjWg>

Knowledge is the outcome of the collection and assimilation of information
through learning.
www.euro-inf.eu/content/view/16/16/<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=12&oi=define&q=http://www.euro-inf.eu/content/view/16/16/&usg=AFQjCNG9rDq_KpsajFr9R1xG0OGrWlnP1w>

is the act or condition of knowing something with a familiarity gained
through experience or association. It means "to perceive directly", "to have
direct cognition", to "apprehend intellectually", "to acquire facts".
www.calvarysbd.com/terms.htm<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=13&oi=define&q=http://www.calvarysbd.com/terms.htm&usg=AFQjCNFjFRzgFlBCUhHjlMD8OhAxvjSSOg>

Common job specifications. Knowledge refers to acquired information
necessary to do the job (eg, principles of nuclear physics). Skills refer to
acquired measurable behaviors (eg, autoclave operation). Abilities refers to
natural talents or acquired dexterity (eg, capacity to lift 200 pounds).
www.washington.edu/admin/hr/ocpsp/prostaff/researchsciengr/glossary.html<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=14&oi=define&q=http://www.washington.edu/admin/hr/ocpsp/prostaff/researchsciengr/glossary.html&usg=AFQjCNEC2jgYgBsiGQwVxwl-wQ49EbSczg>

a knowledge resource for our general education, scientific and historical
discovery and environmental monitoring;
www.els.salford.ac.uk/urbannature/living_city/concepts.htm<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=15&oi=define&q=http://www.els.salford.ac.uk/urbannature/living_city/concepts.htm&usg=AFQjCNGTa0q9FPQHCTmqRxwo6X9Wi5Do9w>

Knowledge can be considered as the distillation of information that has been
collected, classified, organized, integrated, abstracted and value added.
...
www.centc251.org/Ginfo/Glossary/tcglosk.htm<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=16&oi=define&q=http://www.centc251.org/Ginfo/Glossary/tcglosk.htm&usg=AFQjCNGVVKi9IWxjP8XwplT3CXEsPRFwTg>

ŇKnowledgeÓ refers to what someone knows. It resides in the mind and the
brain, but it can be reflected in messages. ŇWisdomÓ refers to the wise use
of knowledge. It is not technically correct to say that knowledge resides in
messages. ...
www.scils.rutgers.edu/~carballo/glossary.html<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=17&oi=define&q=http://www.scils.rutgers.edu/~carballo/glossary.html&usg=AFQjCNHrJ-WSYQJEzuKVkdUOd2qlwvpYsA>

is the human capacity (both potential and actual) to take effective action
in varied and uncertain situations.
www.mountainquestinstitute.com/definitions.htm<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=18&oi=define&q=http://www.mountainquestinstitute.com/definitions.htm&usg=AFQjCNF-9z_uPcH4RpZHK6qJ3OhhKI4XVQ>

It is neither the intellectual engagement with God nor the knowledge of the
reason about God but it is the personal experience of God. The knowledge of
God is closely connected with the theoria (vision) of the uncreated Light.
This knowledge is beyond any other created knowledge. ...
www.vic.com/~tscon/pelagia/htm/b01.en.a_night_in_the_desert_of_the_holy_mountain.09.htm<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=19&oi=define&q=http://www.vic.com/~tscon/pelagia/htm/b01.en.a_night_in_the_desert_of_the_holy_mountain.09.htm&usg=AFQjCNEu8dCdS-cCHxaNG68X8YPyhbt3Rw>

is data and information that has been value added into a form which is
suitable to support decision-making. Knowledge involves the skilled use of
information within an active, purposeful process of selection and
interpretation. 45 (See 'Data' and 'Knowledge'.)
www.usq.edu.au/planstats/Docs/GlossaryTerms.doc<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=20&oi=define&q=http://www.usq.edu.au/planstats/Docs/GlossaryTerms.doc&usg=AFQjCNE_ig2MsQGrSmCWxrjD13-TXyNCLQ>

Knowledge refers to what one knows and understands. Knowledge is sometimes
categorized as either unstructured, structured, explicit or tacit. What we
know we know is explicit knowledge. Knowledge that is unstructured and
understood, but not clearly expressed is implicit knowledge. ...
services.eliteral.com/glossary/decision-support-systems-glossary.php<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=21&oi=define&q=http://services.eliteral.com/glossary/decision-support-systems-glossary.php&usg=AFQjCNEhkqvtNg4rXiVCltYGldCUjt_NLg>

Relationships, facts, assumptions, heuristics and models derived through the
formal and informal analysis or interpretation of data.
cordis.europa.eu/ist/ka1/administrations/publications/glossary.htm<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=22&oi=define&q=http://cordis.europa.eu/ist/ka1/administrations/publications/glossary.htm&usg=AFQjCNFc57n7fDzmrbZqoQTuExHjN4sBPA>

is the mental capacity for effective performance. Knowledge as defined here
can be ascertained by paper-and-pencil testing. The pure unit of measure of
knowledge is accurate answers, but in many situations we judge knowledge
based on both speed and accuracy.
km-experts.com/defs.htm<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=23&oi=define&q=http://km-experts.com/defs.htm&usg=AFQjCNEMMNb0JRy9LqAoM2-_A-srpLP3cA>

facts, information, skills, awareness, or familiarity acquired through
experience or education; theoretical or practical understanding of a subject
www.321site.com/greg/courses/mis1/glossary.htm<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=24&oi=define&q=http://www.321site.com/greg/courses/mis1/glossary.htm&usg=AFQjCNGnhhi-vzAaD8CXZu7AZ73s86RTEg>

The sum or range of what has been perceived, discovered, or learned.
www.jabcreations.com/philosophy/philosophy-definitions.php<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=25&oi=define&q=http://www.jabcreations.com/philosophy/philosophy-definitions.php&usg=AFQjCNF1lrGeRPvpA_xdjnlRw9yDbsPkhw>

in Notes databases, Oral History program,…
www.asis.org/Chapters/asispvc/nov_19_2003/Taxonomy_presentation.ppt<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=26&oi=define&q=http://www.asis.org/Chapters/asispvc/nov_19_2003/Taxonomy_presentation.ppt&usg=AFQjCNGBRST35vDiyErx2gB4NJzbKO0znw>

is an ability to remember Scripture or have it supernatural quickened, or to
know a fact or truth about a person or situation revealed directly by the
Holy Spirit--sometimes termed a word of knowledge. [Bible Study on
Knowledge.]
www.acts17-11.com/dictionary_gifts.html<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=27&oi=define&q=http://www.acts17-11.com/dictionary_gifts.html&usg=AFQjCNFU7LjShNZ1ibzBW9u1UXCFPIFeEg>

the awareness and understanding of facts, truths or information gained in
the form of experience or learning (a posteriori), or through introspection
(a priori). Knowledge is an appreciation of the possession of interconnected
details which, in isolation, are of lesser value.'' (www.wikipeadia.org)
www.personal.soton.ac.uk/gg300302/glossary.html<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=28&oi=define&q=http://www.personal.soton.ac.uk/gg300302/glossary.html&usg=AFQjCNE0-dVUV6go5IBK3eit5Op3eG8Ppg>

Knowing nature of things in order to act upon the reality. This is how a
city_upgrade starts.
www.ortlos.org/code<http://www.google.com/url?sa=X&start=29&oi=define&q=http://www.ortlos.org/code&usg=AFQjCNE19pEhU6REnUgWM1Be2W2TQB2pQg>
John


-- 
John McCreery
The Word Works, Ltd., Yokohama, JAPAN
Tel. +81-45-314-9324
http://www.wordworks.jp/

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