Donal wrote: Can't it be argued that fear is just a form of anxiety, and equally that depression or "grief" are just forms of sadness? ck: It can be argued ad infinitum, especially if the combattants deploy distinctly different definitions of the term "sadness." And all other feeling words and feeling states. And if the term "feeling state" isn't distinguished from "mood" in duration or intensity (for two), it can be argued some more. Furthermore, it can be argued that the DSM (Diagnostic Statistical Manual) is simply a group effort at fashioning a useful emotional dictionary that might be somewhat valid, with tons of qualifiers, for a decade, at most. I'm frustrated discussing Julie's questions about "fear" or "anxiety," for instance, without having some definitional framework: Are we talking about "fear" as the fight-or-flight response to stimuli that can be visually mapped, while occurring, in the amydala? Are we talking about "fear" as anticipatory dread, generally recognized as anxiety? Or is this "fear" we're discussing right now a chronic phobia that is a conditioned response to something that no longer exists as a perceived threat to that individual's well-being in the outside world, if it ever did? I'm not trying to be obtuse. That part comes naturally. But seriously folks, my inner Socrates feels stymied. A total phobic response trumps all other types of fear, in intensity and range of sensations. How can Julie deem fear a fundamental emotion when phobic fear responses, a subtype, typically encompass such extraordinary and distracting sensations as tingly or numb hands and feet, the "feeling" of being choked, the "sensation" of not being able to breathe, the "sense" (good one, this) of imminent doom--all part of your standard panic attack. But does the term "fear" also encompass more subtle sensations that get dwarfed during a panic attack? Or are less dramatic expressions of fear--chronic, low-level generalized anxiety, to DSM for a sec--other than "fear"? Stretching the word "fear" to fit many distinct emotional states drains the term of agreed-upon meaning. And is "frustration" also a form of fear? Or is frustration a matrix of emotions that get dragged out as a habitual response to writing about emotion versus feeling versus sensory perception? Cream soda, anyone? Carol