Richard re-translates Kant, setting straight the anonymous rendering Erin provided: From this we can understand how consciousness of this ability of a pure practical reason can IN DEED (i.e. THROUGH THE ACT) (the virtue) produce consciousness of mastery over one's inclinations, hence of independence from them and so too from the discontent that always accompanies them, and thus can produce a negative satisfaction with one's state, that is, contentment which in its source is contentment with one's person. Question. Are the first two capitalized words (IN DEED) meant to be separated? If so, this is barbarous English. If they are not meant to be separated--if they are meant to form the word 'indeed,' then the following 'i.e.' makes little sense. Here is T. K. Abbott's translation of the same passage: From this we can understand how the consciousness of this faculty of a pure practical reason produces by action (virtue) a consciousness of mastery over one's inclinations, and therefore of independence of them, and consequently also of the discontent that always accompanies them, and thus a negative satisfaction with one's state, i.e., contentment, which is primarily contentment with one's own person. T. K. wrote it in 1873, almost certainly by hand, no doubt with a quill pen. He seems to have avoided the anonymous translator's mistakes Richard has called our attention to. No doubt he has made others. However, he was writing sixty-nine years after Kant's death and had no one to encumber him with help. Robert Paul The Reed Institute ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html