From Haidt's quotes: "Morality is so rich and complex." As opposed to 'poor and simple'. In general, 'rich' is overused. "It’s so multifaceted and contradictory. But many authors reduce it to a single principle, which is usually some variant of welfare maximization. So that would be the sugar. Or sometimes, it’s justice and related notions of fairness and rights. And that would be the chemist down the street. So basically, there’s two restaurants to choose from. There’s the utilitarian grille, and there’s the deontological diner. That’s pretty much it." I think he has it right. Grice who disliked a choice, would say, "Kantotle" (or Ariskant), or how to make a deontological diner in the utilitarian (teleological, I prefer) grille. "We need metaphors and analogies to think about difficult topics, such as morality." We don't. Morality boils down to conation. And there's nothing metaphoric as "She wanted to kill him". A propositional attitude, like "... wants ..." is build upon a "THEORETICAL" concept ('want' now, part of psychological theory). Vide, Grice: Method in philosophical psychology: from the banal to the bizarre: now repr. in one of the best morality books published in the 90s: The Conception of Value (ed. by J. Baker out of Grice's notes for the Carus Lectures -- Grice died in 1988). "An analogy that Marc Hauser and John Mikhail have developed in recent years is that morality is like language. And I think it’s a very, very good metaphor. It illuminates many aspects of morality." R. M. Hare said it much better, "The language of morals", but bored Grice so! "It’s particularly good, I think, for sequences of actions that occur in time with varying aspects of intentionality. But, once we expand the moral domain beyond harm, I find that metaphors drawn from perception become more illuminating, more useful." Well, no need to GO metaphorical. Both 'see' and 'want' usually take (or should ALWAYS) take 'that'-clause. He saw the sun. He wanted Mary. But in fact, it's "he saw that the sun was rising", or "He wanted to make love to Mary", i.e. "he wanted that he would make love to Mary". Nothing metaphorical there. "I’m not trying to say that the language analogy is wrong or deficient. I’ m just saying, let’s think of another analogy, a perceptual analogy." McCreery adds: "To an anthropologist entranced for more than four decades by Levi-Strauss’ call to consider the “logic in tangible qualities”" ---- pretty vague. All qualities are MORE than 'tangible'. Seeing is not really 'tangible'. It's like saying, with Saint Exupery, 'what is essential is invisible to the eyes'. Pretty nonsensical. There are 'perceptual qualia' to use the philosopher's lexicon (singular, 'quale'). A quale is a very difficult thing to conceptualise, and we don't need 'tangible', misused, attached to it. ---- vide Peacocke, a disciple of Grice, "Sense and content". Oxford: Clarendon Press. In general, the moral theorists who believe that there are "real" moral qualia out there oppose Peacocke and adopt an approach more like Blackburn's quasi-realism concerning attitudes. All wrong! "and a student of Victor Turner, who envisions dominant symbols as bipolar– one pole a cluster of concepts the other, the sensory pole, a cluster of tangible qualities that evoke powerful emotions, Haidt’s thinking is highly appealing. What say others here?" I like the bipolar thing, but refudiate it. No need to go Dualists, and Cartesian Dualists at something pretty simple. Take, "The cat is on the mat" --- that's a concept, or it involves the concepts -- Fregean senses -- 'cat', 'mat', 'to be on'. Surely there are perceptual attachments to each concepts. If you say, with Palin, "Chortles refudiate frumiously", unless you provide a perceptual correlate to the alleged concepts (e.g. 'refudiate') we don't know what we are meaning. And it's ALL, pace Grice, about meaning. J. L. Speranza The Swimming-Pool Library Villa Speranza, Bordighera John -- John McCreery The Word Works, Ltd., Yokohama, JAPAN Tel. +81-45-314-9324 jlm@xxxxxxxxxxxx http://www.wordworks.jp/ ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html