> or as I initially universalized it: > > a whopping 73% had no comment on any issues that would interfere with > their savage prejudices re with these pre-existing views of the U.S. serving as > perceptual screens, enabling individuals to select considerations > from TV news that only confirm existing anti-American attitudes 1. so, we may think, Muslims are no different from people elsewhere (which is, you'll say, what you were saying all along?)? 2. (despite 1) this passage doesn't adequately convey the paper's findings (we might say, you selected considerations...) in that the less "anti-US" the media, the less "anti-US" the viewer, *regardless of pre-existing views*. Hence, perhaps, the authors' call for the US government to work on increasing positive portrayal of the US in Pan-Arab television news stations. I quote >>>>>>>>>>>>> The Bush administration can enhance this strategy by continuing to provide the same recognition and access to Al Jazeera that is provided to U.S. news outlets, as well as encouraging coverage of the U.S. by Al Jazeera that is not overtly political, promoting coverage of cultural, economic, and social aspects of American life. However, the contemporary political and security climate poses several obstacles for this strategy. For example, the temporary closing of both the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ to Al Jazeera financial reporters in spring 2003 should be viewed as counter-productive to U.S. public diplomacy efforts. (Etc.) >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> I accept they believe this can only have a minor effect. They believe -- yes I have read the paper's conclusions now, this and the preceding point are taken from its final section -- that >>>>>>>>>>> Short of substantial changes in U.S. political, economic, and foreign policy, widespread hatred and loathing of the U.S. in the Muslim world is likely to continue. <<<<<<<<<<<<<<< I fail to see how this justifies your Hutus hate Tutsis mantra (also the Hercules addition; would, we might think, that the US were indeed engaged in sluicing the Aegean Stables) -- it sounds to me as though "Hutsis" hate "Tutsis" except when they don't. Ingroup, outgroup, outgroup conflict muting ingroup conflict and promoting ingroup cohesion; yes, normally. But why do you feel the need to employ examples from the Western First World's Other? Judy Evans, Cardiff ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html