Conscience is an interesting idea. My understanding is that conscience comes at least in part from attachment/bonding to mother in infancy. Children who don't attach, I think the reasoning goes, are at risk for not having a conscience. Personally I think the master emotion of *appropriate* shame is responsible for keeping people in line. That's in place by the age of two I think (guilt is established by the age of four). Much of society's woes comes from vastly *inappropriate* shame, which is an inappropriate, unearned sense of defectiveness that's handed to the child in one form or another that later gets projected onto others. (Clearly that was Hitler's problem.) Focusing on the child is a step in the right direction, much better than treating them like nonentities. But focusing on the marriage creates healthy children and adults. The marriage is like the soil in which the child (the plant) grows. Adoring the child is like focusing on the plant and not the soil; that's what breeds entitlement and NPD (narcissistic personality disorder; Hitler was adored by his mother while nearly killed by his father; nothing to make anybody crazy there). Children need to feel safe and accepted. That's surprisingly not that easy to come by. Historically being sent away to boarding school certainly was no exercise in safety and it was the norm. --- On Thu, 8/13/09, Donal McEvoy <donalmcevoyuk@xxxxxxxxxxx> wrote: From: Donal McEvoy <donalmcevoyuk@xxxxxxxxxxx> Subject: [lit-ideas] Re: Hitler/Stalin To: lit-ideas@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Date: Thursday, August 13, 2009, 9:29 PM --- On Thu, 13/8/09, Andy <mimi.erva@xxxxxxxxx> wrote: > Not all children grow up to be monsters if they are > tortured, that's true, probably most don't, at least > not on a grand scale, but it's because we don't know > how the stars will line up that we need to prevent all > abuse. Preventing _all_ abuse is all very well as a long-term goal, but in the meantime we should perhaps be alert to stop abused children of the Hitler, Stalin type ever getting into positions of power, where they can organise the murder and torture of others. Minimising violence may be said to be still the central problem of human civilisation. It would seem to me that our US/UK culture is developing in two contradictory ways (as cultures often do): there is (overall) increased awareness of a child-centred approach to child-rearing compared to fifty or sixty years ago and comparatively less social tolerance of many punishments and other 'treatments' that used to be meted out; at the same time, many children are raised in a culture where development of their conscience is put at risk by the values of materialism, consumerism, cynicism and an excessive sense of entitlement - and their vulnerability is increased when their parents and peers subscribe to these values. Btw, in case this seems reasonable, my partner has just asked me to write (having been provoked by news of America's response to Obama's health care plans) that Americans come across as a bunch of "thick nutters". And I have just said, "Funny you should say that, because most of them don't believe in Darwinian evolution either." Donal ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html