>How stupid are you? I'm not. Note that in McEvoy's reply (below), all he does is appeal to _pragmatic_ factors I'm very familiar with. The fact remains that <n, n-1, ... 4, 3, 2, 1> forms a _scale_ (ordered set) and that for each member of the set n +> (but does not entail) ~(n - 1) The issue is about 'pragmatic intrusion'. McEvoy's arguments are 'pragmatic', imbued in 'social factors' as intercommunicators' interests, etc. Logical form is beyond all that. Note that if McEvoy would be right we would say, "Joan Rivers is 76-year oldEST" but we don't. (In Palma's native tongue it may be different; he has not yet expressed numerical expressions in his mother tongue -- he has just insulted fellow-listers). ---- J. L. S. In a message dated 6/22/2009 6:21:08 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time, donalmcevoyuk@xxxxxxxxxxx writes: When we ask "What age is X?", or say "X is y years", we surely mean to ask after, or state, their present _maximal_ age; not merely an age they may be said to have attained some time ago. This (implicature?) means that the "is" in such statements cannot reasonably be understood to refer to any past age they may have attained but only to their current maximal age. To say Joan Rivers's is sixty, fifty etc. is a similar cheap trick if the question is "What age is she?". If she "is 76" it follows that she has been all the ages that logically are prior to reaching that age; but it is highly misleading to suggest she therefore "is" all these ages, rather than "has been" all these ages where they denoted her maximal age at previous times. **************Make your summer sizzle with fast and easy recipes for the grill. (http://food.aol.com/grilling?ncid=emlcntusfood00000004) ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html