"... propelled it forward ..." It being Islamism. I didn't use a frown-y face, so just thought I'd clear that up. While I'm at it, Pipes further writes, " Their universal ambitions certainly can be stopped," Certainly be stopped? Really. How does he propose to do that? He continues, "Only when Americans realize that the Islamists intend to replace the U.S. Constitution with Shari'a will they enter the fourth and final era of this war." Americans are so clueless they don't even know who Shari'a is. :( Andy Amago -- Cheers, M.A. Camp, Esq.