On 8/4/07, Phil Enns <phil.enns@xxxxxxxxxxx> wrote: Back to Kant, there are autonomous activities and clearly > > the goal is to maximize the number of these activities Phil, I am having trouble getting my head around "autonomous activities." Could we have some examples? Partly, I am certain, my confusion is linguistic, arising from the similarity of "autonomous" to "autonomic" or "automatic," both of which refer to processes that do what they do unless interfered with. "Autonomous," I'm assuming, involves an actor who is conscious of and makes a choice that accords with some principle, refusing to be swayed by circumstance. I think, then, of Socrates drinking the Hemlock or Jesus of Nazareth, who, in Gethsemane, prayed to his heavenly Father that he be allowed to escape Calvary but then took up his cross, as we might say now, "like a man." But doubt creeps in. Were these, in fact, autonomous activities, if the circumstances are taken into account? Genuinely puzzled, in a pleasant philosophical sort of way. John -- John McCreery The Word Works, Ltd., Yokohama, JAPAN Tel. +81-45-314-9324 http://www.wordworks.jp/