palma@xxxxxxxx wrote: "you are indeed very funny." Thank you. I think so too. palma@xxxxxxxx continues: "to play along with you, it is enough to apply t-schemes so you call your sentence C 'C' is true iff C" To be honest, I am just borrowing from Donald Davidson. Part of determining the meaning of a sentence is determining the conditions under which it is true. Since there is no way this can be done except within the relevant language, it is hard to see how one could identify Teemu's coffee mug without reference to a language. For instance, how does one get to the mug being Teemu's without reference to some notion of ownership? Sincerely, phil.enns@xxxxxxxxxxx ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html