On Wed, Apr 2, 2008 at 10:10 PM, Ursula Stange <Ursula@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote: It [philosophy] certainly used to encompass them all...pprobably still does. > I would say rather It used to pretend to encompass them all but surely does not any more. If we take Robert Paul's list of the Reed College philosophy department's current offerings as a reasonably comprehensive description of what philosophy encompasses, we can see at a glance that philosophy does not encompass, for example, starting a business, cooking a souffle, playing a saxophone, building a wall, dancing the Gay Gordons, trapping a muskrat.... the list of possible examples is endless. The philosopher may answer that all of these activities can be treated philosophically, i.e., reflected upon with an eye to the kinds of problems with which philosophers preoccupy themselves (see the course list for examples). But the difference between "encompass" in this abstract philosophical sense and knowing anything in particular about the activity in question is vast and frequently palpable. Which brings me back to the question what, specifically, is this activity called philosophy? Professor Paul tells us that it lies, with many other activities, in a space of difficult problems that appear resistant to scientific experiment or mathematical equations. But a lot goes on in this space with which philosophers (judging by the course list again) have little or nothing to do. How do we pick philosophy out of this morass? John -- John McCreery The Word Works, Ltd., Yokohama, JAPAN Tel. +81-45-314-9324 http://www.wordworks.jp/