Donal McEvoy wonders about symbolism. In a message dated 4/19/2011 7:11:48 P.M. , rpaul@xxxxxxxx writes: It may seem to stumble over the indiscernibility of identicals, wherein, if Myanmar = Burma and Smith knows that (S) Myanmar is ruled by a military dictatorship, Smith ought to know that (P) Burma is ruled by a military dictatorship, so that even though that Myanmar is ruled by a military dictatorship entails that Burma is ruled by a military dictatorship, it might seem that if Smith knows (S), Smith knows (P); but just in case Smith is unaware of this identity, it doesn't. So he does not know that he knows that (P)..." ---- Excellent point. Of course the reverse (the "II" theorem, "ignorance-ignorance" -- vide Geary, "I ignore what I'm ignorant of") does NOT seem to stumble over the indiscernibility of identicals. JLS ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html