Hopefully this modified documentation clears up any confusion between angles and directions in LandXML: Angle - a simple angular value, such as the delta angle for a circular curve. Also the angle measured between two directions. Direction - a horizontal angle that indicates a direction, such as a bearing or azimuth. <xs:element name="Units"> <xs:annotation> <xs:documentation>All angular and direction values default to radians unless otherwise noted. Angular values, expressed in the specified <Units>.angleUnit are measured counter-clockwise from east=0. Horizontal directions, expressed in the specified <Units>.directionUnit are measured counter-clockwise from 0 degrees = north</xs:documentation> ... <xs:simpleType name="angle"> <xs:annotation> <xs:documentation>Represents a normalized angular value in the specified Angular units. Assume 0 degrees = east</xs:documentation> </xs:annotation> <xs:simpleType name="direction"> <xs:annotation> <xs:documentation>Represents a normalized angular value that indicates a horizontal direction, expressed in the specified Direction units. Assume 0 degrees = north</xs:documentation> </xs:annotation> Regards, Nathan Crews w <http://www.landxml.org> ww.landxml.org _____ From: landxml-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:landxml-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Janne Porkka Sent: Tuesday, September 13, 2005 6:32 AM To: landxml@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [LandXML] Direction units Dear all, We have remarked overlapping descriptions on angular & direction definitions in LandXML1.0 and 1.1. Please upgrade these verbal descriptions. east=0 <xs:element name="Units"> <xs:annotation> <xs:documentation>All angular and direction values default to radians unless otherwise noted. Direction values are measured counter-clockwise from east=0.</xs:documentation> ... north=0 <xs:simpleType name="direction"> <xs:annotation> <xs:documentation>Represents a normalized angular value that indicates a horizontal direction, expressed in the specified Direction units. Assume 0 degrees = north</xs:documentation> ...... Best Regards, ----------------------------------------------------------- Janne Porkka Research Scientist VTT BUILDING AND TRANSPORT Business and Process Management Lämpömiehenkuja 2 P.O.Box 1800 FIN-02044 VTT, Finland Email: Janne.Porkka@xxxxxx Phone: +358 20 722 6203 Mobile: +358 40 578 6055 Fax: +358 20 722 6251