Paul, My response below in red. Neville. The 440 Newton Liquid Apogee Motor (LAM), which was used to conduct INSAT-3E orbit raising manoeuvres, has performed well. It enabled taking the satellite from its Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO) of 649 km perigee and 36,000 km apogee with an orbital inclination of 7° with respect to the equatorial plane to its present near GSO orbit with zero degree inclination. The LAM was fired for a total duration of 121 minutes in three phases on September 29, September 30 and 1st October. A total velocity of 1460 m/sec was added by LAM at the Apogee point of the orbit to take the satellite from GTO to GSO. INSAT-3E had 1592 kg propellant at the time of its injection into GTO by Ariane-5 launch vehicle on September 28. After orbit raising operations, it has 510 kg of propellant remaining that is sufficient to arrest the drift and park it at its orbital slot as well as maintain the satellite in its orbit and controlling its orientation during its design life of more than 12 years. Just to repeat, 510kg of fuel for 12 years operation. It uses fuel at the rate of 8.94kg per minute so with 510kg remaining, that means it has 57 minutes of firing time to last 12 years. This is approximately one part in 111,000. I think you can see just how unlikely it is that this amount of fuel could possibly suspend the weight of this satellite for this length of time even if its weight were just 25kg. Accordingly, I won't attempt to educate myself to a level sufficient to calculate weight at 36000km, or thruster efficiency, or anything else. I think that myth is busted! And best of all, NASA isn't involved, so you know it isn't lies! It is possible that we do not need liquid fuel thrusters for height adjustments as solar powered electrical thrusters have been developed for this purpose and have been in successful long-term operation since about 1993, I believe. Such a method would negate your comments above. --------------------------------- To help you stay safe and secure online, we've developed the all new Yahoo! Security Centre.