Paul you have exactly espoused the position as MS presents. It is this which I reject for the following reason.. Forget frequency versus spectrum which is a band of frequencies. I know that certain spectral lines are associated with specific elements. But this is worh questioning: Since it is known from unambiguous examples what the specific frequencies of particular lines are, even if the pattern is shifted towards the red or the blue end of the spectrum, the original specific frequencies can be identified. but this is my point entirely. There is no way of knowing from an ambiguous example such as a distant star, whether the more violet light or the more red is due to a doppler effect, or is it its natural colors due to either unique elements or temperature . I am hoping that what you call unambiguous examples are observations made on earth, and not our sun, from which we can safely assume no element samples have been obtained for verification. I will need to get back to you on the Fraunhofer lines Philip ----- Original Message ----- From: Paul Deema To: Geocentrism@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Sent: Friday, April 06, 2007 12:23 AM Subject: [geocentrism] Re: Negative Philip M From Philip Madsen Wed Apr 4 22:08:33 2007 May I just ask what are pertinent to me a couple of questions re doppler shift. To be able to evaluate anything from doppler shift three things need to be known with certainty. 1. The original stationary frequency of the EMR source. I'm dredging this up from memory but I think it is reasonally accurate. The process involves a spectrum not just a frequency. Coulped with this 'rainbow' is a phenomenon named Fraunhofer Lines which are absorbtion by known elements in the atmosphere of stars. This absorbtion manifests as dark lines in the spectrum of the star, and because these lines are associated with known elements they appear at the same relative position in the spectrum of all stars. The pattern thus is as characteristic as the growth rings in trees being associated with the climatic conditions pertaining at the time of their growth. Just as the patttern in a set of rings near the outer surface of one tree can be shown to have occurred at the same time as a similar set of rings in the middle rings of another tree, so the spacing of Fraunhofer lines present a pattern which permits the identification of the specific line in a spectrum. Since it is known from unambiguous examples what the specific frequencies of particular lines are, even if the pattern is shifted towards the red or the blue end of the spectrum, the original specific frequencies can be identified. The degree and direction by which the pattern is shifted thus indicates the direction and velocity of the source. Good old Wiki (plus many others) will help -- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraunhofer_lines Paul D Send instant messages to your online friends http://au.messenger.yahoo.com ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG Free Edition. Version: 7.5.446 / Virus Database: 268.18.26/746 - Release Date: 4/04/2007 1:09 PM