I thought Robert was saying that you can't have "geostationary orbits" over the poles. He didn't say we couldn't have polar orbits, right? Gary Ye Gary, I accept that... I never suggested the impossible of a staionary satellite over the pole. I asked, given Roberts plenum effect rotating around the equator, what would its effect be upon a polar orbiting satellite, that prescribed the same 24 hour period. Presumably, as all things being equal in the HC newtonian system this orbit would mathmatically have the same distance and orbital speed , within the parameters fixed by the globes shape. Ignoring for a day or so, the alleged annular orbit of the earth, or the cosmos, and keeping in mind that this orbit has no horizontal rotating vector, and that it would have the added stability of this position due to the principles of a gyro, and remembering again as this is important, that the launch has to be from the pole, Three things are possible, that would be observed from such an orbit. 1. In the HC system, it should show the earth moving towards the east making one 24 hour rotation for every 24 hour period of its own orbit. or 2. It would show the earth quite stationary, and its is orbit would fly over the same longitude for the full period of its orbit. The third possibility, is it could show the effect of Roberts cosmically rotating Plenum. It is this effect that I want to discuss...within the GC framework. We are comparing two identical orbits as regards Newtonian rules. One vertical, and one horizontal. In the vertical we have no problem of a hovering satellite. Centrifugal and gravitational forces will balance... In the horizontal case though we do not.. The satellite is stationary and not moving at all. Are we then moving from positive centripetal force to a negative centipetal force... Let me close by posing a mental exercise. Remember the earth is not moving here. Take the stable orbit I have created around the poles, (imagine it as a spinning ring, with a black dot on it, which it is. ) and nudge it slowly till it has shifted 90 degrees to an equatorial orbit. It now is in the exact same state as regards orbit, as our original geosynchronous satellite. What stopped it moving? Philip.