Hi Robert. You said, "From a Biblical standpoint: In the HC case the World rotates eastward, so the cosmos appears to rotate westward as seen from Earth." How it "appears" is not the point. We are dealing with the actual motion of the Moon under each system. In the HC case, the Moon is going eastward. It must be really moving. The reality is that it must be moving somehow. If the World is stationary, then what we see of the Moon is what we get. You further said, "From a scientific standpoint: 1- NASA claims that the Apollo trips started by inserting the spacecraft first into Earth orbit, so the direction the Moon was moving at launch time is irrelevant..... if you believe NASA. 2- The initial direction of all American rockets at lift-off is 90 degrees - straight up...... if you believe NASA." They are pointing straight up, yes, but they do not go straight up. They go eastwardly, over the Atlantic. You can plainly see this curve, even a short time after takeoff. They were placed into orbits that were in the same orientation as the World's alleged rotation - eastwardly. The Moon is going in this same direction in the HC model. It does not somehow change its direction when in LEO, nor does it go "straight" for the Moon. It has to spiral. Yours in Christ, Neville. Robert Bennett <robert.bennett@xxxxxxx> wrote: Dr. Jones, From Biblical Topics/ "Do the alleged Apollo Moon landings conflict with the Bible?" case, the World is stationary and the cosmos rotates westwardly. Therefore, to rendezvous with the Moon, a rocket would need to be launched eastwardly in the heliocentric model and westwardly in the Biblical model.> ............................ From a Biblical standpoint: In the HC case the World rotates eastward, so the cosmos appears to rotate westward as seen from Earth. In the Biblical (GC) case, the World is stationary and the cosmos does rotate westward as seen from Earth. Therefore, there is no difference in the preferred direction of launch - westward - between HC and GC/Biblical models. From a scientific standpoint: 1- NASA claims that the Apollo trips started by inserting the spacecraft first into Earth orbit, so the direction the Moon was moving at launch time is irrelevant..... if you believe NASA. 2- The initial direction of all American rockets at lift-off is 90 degrees - straight up...... if you believe NASA. Pax Christi, Robert --------------------------------- ALL-NEW Yahoo! Messenger - all new features - even more fun!