[etni] origin of cloze testing

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Cloze testing was first introduced by W.L. Taylor (1953), who 
developed it as a reading test for native speakers. He defined the 
term "cloze" from a gestalt concept which teaches that an 
individual will be able to complete a task only after its pattern has 
been discerned:
A cloze unit may be defined as: any single occurrence of a 
successful attempt to reproduce accurately a part deleted from a 
'message' (any language product), by deciding from the context 
that remains, what the missing part should be (p. 416). 

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