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El dom., 12 de mar. de 2017 a la(s) 6:53, Yuji Tamura<ernad@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
escribió:
nep-mig 2017-03-12 papers
|
| nep-mig | New EconomicsPapers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2017‒03‒12
sixteen papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
http://econpapers.repec.org/pta90
| |
- Escaping the Holocaust: human andhealth capital of refugees to the US,
1940-42Blum, Matthias;Rei, Claudia
- Preferences for Redistributionamong Emigrants from a Welfare
StatePoutvaara, Panu; Kauppinen,Ilpo
- Temporary Work Visas as US-HaitiDevelopment Cooperation: A Preliminary
Impact EvaluationClemens,Michael A.; Postel, Hannah M.
- Endogenous SanctioningInstitutions and Migration Patterns: Experimental
EvidenceRamonCobo-Reyes; Gabriel Katz; Simone Meraglia?
- Democratic Involvement andImmigrants' Compliance with the LawSlotwinski,
Michaela;Stutzer, Alois; Gorinas, Cédric
- Welcome Home in a Crisis: Effectsof Return Migration on the Non-migrants'
Wages andEmploymentLjubica Nedelkoska; Ricardo Hausmann
- Migration, communities-on-the-moveand international innovation networks:
An empirical analysis of SpanishregionsD'Ambrosio, Anna; Montresor, Sandro;
Parrilli, MarioDavide; Quatraro, Francesco
- Israel's Immigration Story:Globalization lessonsRazin, Assaf
- The Labor Market Performance ofImmigrants in GermanyBeyer, Robert
- On Asymmetric Migration Patternsfrom Developing CountriesAcharyya, Rajat;
Kar, Saibal
- Notes to Understand MigrationPolicy with International Trade Theoretical
ToolsCebreros ZuritaCarlos Alfonso;Chiquiar Daniel;Roa Mónica;Tobal Martín
- Immigrant Fertility in the Midstof Intensified EnforcementAmuedo-Dorantes,
Catalina;Arenas-Arroy, Esther
- Job Changes and InterregionalMigration of GraduatesHaußen, Tina; Haussen,
Tina
- Emigration and Firm Productivity:Evidence from the Sequential Opening of
EU LabourMarketsGiesing, Yvonne; Laurentsyeva, Nadzeya
- Do Migrants Lower WorkplaceWages?White, Michael; Bryson, Alex
- The Perils of Modelling HowMigration Responds to Climate ChangeFeng, Bo;
Partridge, Mark;Rembert, Mark
- Escaping theHolocaust: human and health capital of refugees to the
US,1940-42
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Blum, Matthias ; Rei,Claudia |
| The large-scale persecution of Jews during World War IIgenerated
massive refugee movements. Usingdata from 20,441 predominantly Jewish
passengers from 19 countries travelingfrom Lisbon to NewYork between 1940 and
1942, we analyze the last wave of refugees escaping theHolocaust and verifythe
validity of height as a proxy for human and health capital. We further showthis
episode ofEuropean migration displays wellknown features of migrant
self-selection: earlymigrants weretaller than late migrants; a large migrant
stock reduces migrant selectivity;and economicbarriers to migration apply. Our
Öndings show that Europe experiencedsubstantial losses in humanand health
capital while the US beneÖtted from the immigration of Europeanrefugees. |
| JEL: | N34 F22 J24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145483&r=mig ;|
- Preferences forRedistribution among Emigrants from a WelfareState
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Poutvaara, Panu ; Kauppinen, Ilpo |
| We study attitudes towards income redistribution in thecountry of
origin among emigrants from awelfare state, and those who stay there. We find a
striking gender differenceamong Danishemigrants. Majority of men opposes
increasing income redistribution in Denmark,while majority ofwomen supports it.
Also among non-migrants, women are somewhat more positivetowardsredistribution,
but the gender difference is much smaller. We study to whatextent differences
inattitudes towards redistribution are driven by beliefs about the determinants
ofindividualsuccess, generalized trust, assimilation to the new home country,
andself-selection of emigrants. |
| JEL: | F22 J61 D72 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145884&r=mig ;|
- Temporary WorkVisas as US-Haiti Development Cooperation: A Preliminary
ImpactEvaluation
| Date: | 2017-02 |
| By: | Clemens, Michael A. (Center for Global Development) ; Postel,
Hannah M. (Center for Global Development) |
| We report a small-sample, preliminary evaluation of theeconomic impact
of temporary overseas workby Haitian agricultural workers. This work occurs in
the United States in thecontext of a pilotprogram designed as a form of
post-disaster development assistance to Haiti. Wefind that theeffects of
matching new seasonal agricultural jobs in the US with Haitianworkers differs
markedlyfrom the effects of more traditional forms of assistance to Haiti, in
threeways: The economicbenefits are shared roughly equally between Haiti and
the United States; thesebenefits are verylarge, including raising the value of
Haitian workers' labor by a multiple offifteen; and theportion of the benefits
accruing to Haiti is uncommonly well targeted for thedirect benefit ofpoor
Haitian households. We discuss implementation challenges faced by theprogram
and thepotential for policies of this kind to complement more traditional forms
ofdevelopment andhumanitarian assistance. |
| Keywords: | development, policy, aid, assistance, migration,
mobility, poverty, guestwork, agriculture, farm |
| JEL: | F22 O15 O22 R23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10548&r=mig ;|
- EndogenousSanctioning Institutions and Migration Patterns:
ExperimentalEvidence
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Ramon Cobo-Reyes (Department of Economics, University of
Exeter); GabrielKatz (Department of Politics, University of Exeter) ;
SimoneMeraglia? (Department of Economics, University of Exeter) |
| We experimentally analyze the effect of the endogenouschoice of
sanctioning institutions oncooperation and migration patterns across societies.
In our experiment, subjectsare allocated toone of two groups, are endowed with
group-specific preferences, and play apublic goods game for30 periods. Each
period, subjects can move between groups and, at fixedintervals, can vote
onwhether to implement formal (centralized) sanctioning institutions in
theirgroup. We compare thisenvironment to one in which only one group is
exogenously endowed withsanctioning institutions.We find that subjects' ability
to vote on institutions leads to (i) a moreefficient partition ofsubjects
between groups, (ii) a lower migration rate, (iii) an increase inoverall
payoffs, and(iv) a decrease in both inter- and intra-groups (payoff)
inequality. Over time,subjects tend tovote for sanctioning institutions and
contribute to the public good. |
| Keywords: | Formal Sanctions, Cooperation,Migration, Voting,
Experiment. |
| JEL: | C73 C91 C92 D72 H41 H73 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exe:wpaper:1702&r=mig ;|
- DemocraticInvolvement and Immigrants' Compliance with theLaw
| Date: | 2017-02 |
| By: | Slotwinski, Michaela (University of Basel) ; Stutzer,Alois
(University of Basel) ; Gorinas, Cédric (Danish National Centre for Social
Research(SFI)) |
| Many people are concerned about societal cohesion in theface of higher
numbers of foreignersmigrating to Western democracies. The challenge for the
future is to find andadopt institutionsthat foster integration. We investigate
how the right to vote in local electionsaffectsimmigrants' compliance with the
law. In our study for Denmark, we exploit aninstitutionalregulation that grants
foreigners local voting rights after three years of stay.Relying onregister
data, we find causal evidence that the first possibility to voteconsiderably
reduces thenumber of legal offenses of non-Western male immigrants in the time
afterelections. |
| Keywords: | migration, voting rights, immigrantintegration, crime,
RDD |
| JEL: | D02 K42 J15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10550&r=mig ;|
- Welcome Home in aCrisis: Effects of Return Migration on the Non-migrants'
Wages andEmployment
| Date: | 2017-01 |
| By: | Ljubica Nedelkoska (Center for International Development
atHarvard University) ; Ricardo Hausmann (Center for International Development
at HarvardUniversity) |
| Albanian migrants in Greece were particularly affected bythe Greek
crisis, which spurred a waveof return migration that increased Albania’s labor
force by 5% between 2011and 2014 alone. Westudy how this return migration
affected the employment chances and earnings ofAlbanians whonever migrated. We
find positive effects on the wages of low-skillednon-migrants and
overallpositive effects on employment. The gains partially offset the sharp
drop inremittances in theobserved period. The employment gains are concentrated
in the agriculturalsector, where mostreturn migrants engage in self-employment
and entrepreneurship. Businesses runby return migrantsseem to pull Albanians
from non-participation, self-employment and subsistenceagriculture
intocommercial agriculture. |
| JEL: | J21 J23 J24 J31 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cid:wpfacu:330&r=mig ;|
- Migration,communities-on-the-move and international innovation networks:
An empiricalanalysis of Spanish regions
| Date: | 2017-01 |
| By: | D'Ambrosio, Anna ; Montresor, Sandro ; Parrilli, Mario Davide
; Quatraro, Francesco (University of Turin) |
| This paper investigates the impact of migration oninnovation networks
between regions and foreigncountries. We posit that immigrants (emigrants) act
as a transnational knowledgebridge betweenthe host (home) regions and their
origin (destination) countries, reinforcingtheir networking ininnovation and
facilitating their co-inventorship. We argue that the socialcapital of both
thehosting and the moving communities reinforces such a bridging role, along
withthe alreadyrecognised effect of language commonality and migrants’ human
capital. Bycombining patent datawith national data on residents and electors
abroad, we apply a gravity model totheco-inventorship between Spanish provinces
(NUTS3 regions) and a number offoreign countries, indifferent periods of the
last decade. Both immigrants and emigrants are found toaffect this kindof
innovation networking. The social capital of both the moving and the
hostingcommunitiesactually moderate this impact in a positive way. The effect
of migration isstronger for moreskilled migrants and with respect to
non-Spanish speaking countries, pointing toalanguage-bridging role of migrants.
Overall, individual and community aspectscombine inaccounting for the impact of
migration on international innovationnetworks. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:labeco:201701&r=mig ;|
- Israel'sImmigration Story: Globalization lessons
| Date: | 2017-02 |
| By: | Razin, Assaf |
| The exodus of Soviet Jews to Israel in the 1990s was aunique event. The
extraordinary experienceof Israel, which has received three quarter million
migrants from the FormerSoviet Union,amounting to 17 percent of its population,
within a short time, is also relevantfor the currentdebate about migration and
globalization. The immigration wave was distinctivefor its large highskilled
cohort, and its quick integration into the domestic labor market.Immigration
also changedthe entire economic landscape: it raised productivity,
underpinningtechnological prowess, and hadsignificant impact on income
inequality and the level of redistribution inIsrael's welfare state. |
| JEL: | F22 F6 H00 J1 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:11877&r=mig ;|
- The Labor MarketPerformance of Immigrants in Germany
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Beyer, Robert |
| The paper uses a large survey (GSOEP) to analyze the labormarket
performance of immigrants inGermany. It finds that new immigrant workers earn
on average 20 percent lessthan native workerswith otherwise identical
characteristics. The gap is smaller for immigrants fromadvancedcountries, with
good German language skills, and with a German degree, andlarger for others.
Thegap declines gradually over time. Less success in obtaining jobs with
higheroccupational autonomyexplains half of the wage gap. Immigrants are also
initially less likely toparticipate in thelabor market and more likely to be
unemployed. While participation fullyconverges after 20 years,immigrants always
remain more likely to be unemployed than the native laborforce. |
| JEL: | E24 J31 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145799&r=mig ;|
- On AsymmetricMigration Patterns from Developing Countries
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Acharyya, Rajat ; Kar,Saibal |
| This paper shows that trade and emigration of skilledworkers from a
poor country is complementarybut that between trade and emigration of unskilled
workers is a substitute. Theasymmetric effectof more openness to trade on the
local wages seems to be crucial in driving suchresults. Theasymmetric changes
in skilled and unskilled wages generate counterintuitiveoutcomes regardless
ofthe policy shock that triggers such wage effect. One of the more
compellingoutcomes is rise inwage inequality as influenced by asymmetric
emigration patterns. |
| Keywords: | Trade,emigration,skilled
labour,specificfactor,remittances,tax |
| JEL: | F22 J64 O15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:4&r=mig ;|
- Notes toUnderstand Migration Policy with International Trade
TheoreticalTools
| Date: | 2017-02 |
| By: | Cebreros ZuritaCarlos Alfonso;Chiquiar Daniel;Roa Mónica;Tobal
Martín |
| This paper develops a standard model of international tradeand makes
three contributions. First,it shows that when the welfare function of the
recipient country reflects theutility of natives,free-trade and free-migration
generate isomorphic results, that is, theyincrease overall welfarebut
redistribute income by reducing the returns of the scarce factor. Althoughthis
result isfrequently evoked in academic circles, this document shows that the
equivalenceholds for the mostrelevant measure of welfare from a political
economy perspective. Second, thisequivalence isextended to the public policy
domain: for each level of trade restrictionsmutually imposed, it isfound an
immigration tax that generates the same redistribution and welfareimpacts.
Third, in thelight of these results, the model is enlarged to illustrate a
channel throughwhich politicaleconomy concerns may influence immigration
policy. |
| Keywords: | International Migration, PoliticalEconomy, International
Trade |
| JEL: | F22 F13 D72 D78 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdm:wpaper:2017-03&r=mig ;|
- ImmigrantFertility in the Midst of Intensified Enforcement
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina ; Arenas-Arroy, Esther |
| This paper exploits the temporal and geographic variation inthe
implementation of local and stateimmigration enforcement measures to identify
their impact on undocumentedimmigrants’ fertility.Using data from the 2005
through 2014 American Community Survey, we find that aone standarddeviation
increase in the intensity of immigration enforcement lowers thechildbearing
likelihoodof likely undocumented women by 6.3 percent. This effect appears
driven bypolice-based measuresand, the fact that is present among intact
families, families headed by a likelyundocumentedcouple, as well as among the
poorest families, suggests the importance oflimited incomeresources, along with
increased uncertainty emanating from an intensified fearof deportation,
onlikely unauthorized women’s fertility. Given immigrants’ criticalcontribution
to thesustainability of the welfare state and the spread-out embracement of
apiece-meal approach toimmigration enforcement, further exploration of this
impact is warranted andrecommended. |
| Keywords: | Fertility,ImmigrationEnforcement,Undocumented
Immigration,United States |
| JEL: | J13 J15 K37 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1&r=mig ;|
- Job Changes andInterregional Migration of Graduates
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Haußen, Tina ; Haussen,Tina |
| We empirically analyze job changes and related locationchoices for
graduates in Germany and itsdeterminants. Using a longitudinal, representative
survey-based dataset, we notonly observe thetransition of graduates to the
labor market but also every subsequent job changewithin five yearsafter
graduation. Contrary to what is often assumed in the literature, ourfindings
show thataround 75% of the graduates have more than one job within our
observation periodand for anon-negligible share of them, job changes are
related to interregionalmigration. Whereas jobchanges mostly depend on the
field of study and previous employment conditions,migration ispredominantly
affected by previous migration paths and regionalcharacteristics. |
| JEL: | J61 R11 I23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145618&r=mig ;|
- Emigration andFirm Productivity: Evidence from the Sequential Opening of
EU LabourMarkets
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Giesing, Yvonne ; Laurentsyeva, Nadzeya |
| This paper establishes a causal link between the emigrationof skilled
workers and firmperformance. We exploit time, country, and industry differences
in the openingof EU labourmarkets from 2004 to 2014 as a source of exogenous
variation in the emigrationrates from new EUmember states. Using firm-level
panel data from ten East European countries, weshow that theoutflow of skilled
workers reduces firm total factor productivity and increasespersonnel costs.One
explanation for this effect is the increased job turnover, which
lowersfirm-specific humancapital. We find that the most productive firms adapt
more easily to emigrationas they are betterable to retain and train their
workers. |
| JEL: | F22 O15 D24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145850&r=mig ;|
- Do Migrants LowerWorkplace Wages?
| Date: | 2017-02 |
| By: | White, Michael (Policy Studies Institute) ; Bryson,Alex
(University College London) |
| Using nationally representative workplace data for Britainwe identify
the partial correlationbetween workplace wages and the percentage of migrants
employed at a workplace.We find wages arelower in workplaces employing a higher
percentage of migrants, but only whenthose migrants arenon-EEA migrants.
However, the effects are no longer apparent when we conditionon the
ethniccomplexion of employees at the workplace. Instead, the wage penalty is
attachedto the percentageof non-white employees, a finding that is consistent
with employerdiscrimination on grounds ofrace, or lower worker bargaining power
when employees are ethnicallydiverse. |
| Keywords: | migrants, migration,ethnicity, race, wages, earnings,
low pay, discrimination |
| JEL: | J31 J61 J71 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10549&r=mig ;|
- The Perils ofModelling How Migration Responds to ClimateChange
| Date: | 2016-11-01 |
| By: | Feng, Bo ; Partridge, Mark ; Rembert,Mark |
| The impact of climate change has drawn growing interestsfrom both
researchers and policymakers.Yet, relatively little is known with respect to
its influence on interregionalmigration. Thesurge of extreme weather conditions
could lead to the increase of forcedmigration from coastal toinland regions,
which normally follows different patterns than voluntarymigration.
However,recent migration models tend to predict unrealistic migration trends
underclimate change in thatmigration would flow towards the areas most
adversely affected. Given the greatuncertainty aboutthe magnitude and
distribution of severe weather events, it is almost impossibleto
foreseemigration directions by simply extrapolating from the data on how people
haveresponded in thepast to climate and weather. For example, weather events
will likely be faroutside of what hasbeen observed. Other issues include a poor
climate measures and a poorunderstanding of howclimate affects migration in an
entirely different structural environment.Unintended consequenceof public
policies also contributes to the complication of predicting futuremigration
pattern. Inthis paper, we survey the limitations of existing climate change
literature,explore insights ofregional economic studies, and provide potential
solutions to thoseissues. |
| Keywords: | Climate Change; Migration; Prediction |
| JEL: | C53 Q54 R23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:77059&r=mig ;|
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ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
Issue of 2017â03â12 â
sixteen papers chosen by â
Yuji Tamura (La Trobe â
University) â
â
â
http://ep.repec.org/pta90 â
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ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
1. Escaping the Holocaust: human and health capital of refugees to the US,
1940-42
Blum, Matthias; Rei, Claudia
2. Preferences for Redistribution among Emigrants from a Welfare State
Poutvaara, Panu; Kauppinen, Ilpo
3. Temporary Work Visas as US-Haiti Development Cooperation: A Preliminary
Impact Evaluation
Clemens, Michael A.; Postel, Hannah M.
4. Endogenous Sanctioning Institutions and Migration Patterns: Experimental
Evidence
Ramon Cobo-Reyes; Gabriel Katz; Simone Meraglia?
5. Democratic Involvement and Immigrants' Compliance with the Law
Slotwinski, Michaela; Stutzer, Alois; Gorinas, Cédric
6. Welcome Home in a Crisis: Effects of Return Migration on the Non-migrants'
Wages and Employment
Ljubica Nedelkoska; Ricardo Hausmann
7. Migration, communities-on-the-move and international innovation networks:
An empirical analysis of Spanish regions
D'Ambrosio, Anna; Montresor, Sandro; Parrilli, Mario Davide; Quatraro,
Francesco
8. Israel's Immigration Story: Globalization lessons
Razin, Assaf
9. The Labor Market Performance of Immigrants in Germany
Beyer, Robert
10. On Asymmetric Migration Patterns from Developing Countries
Acharyya, Rajat; Kar, Saibal
11. Notes to Understand Migration Policy with International Trade Theoretical
Tools
Cebreros Zurita Carlos Alfonso;Chiquiar Daniel;Roa Mónica;Tobal MartÃn
12. Immigrant Fertility in the Midst of Intensified Enforcement
Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina; Arenas-Arroy, Esther
13. Job Changes and Interregional Migration of Graduates
HauÃen, Tina; Haussen, Tina
14. Emigration and Firm Productivity: Evidence from the Sequential Opening of
EU Labour Markets
Giesing, Yvonne; Laurentsyeva, Nadzeya
15. Do Migrants Lower Workplace Wages?
White, Michael; Bryson, Alex
16. The Perils of Modelling How Migration Responds to Climate Change
Feng, Bo; Partridge, Mark; Rembert, Mark
ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
1. Escaping the Holocaust: human and health capital of refugees to the US,
1940-42
Blum, Matthias
Rei, Claudia
The large-scale persecution of Jews during World War II generated massive
refugee movements. Using data from 20,441 predominantly Jewish passengers
from 19 countries traveling from Lisbon to New York between 1940 and 1942, we
analyze the last wave of refugees escaping the Holocaust and verify the
validity of height as a proxy for human and health capital. We further show
this episode of European migration displays wellknown features of migrant
self-selection: early migrants were taller than late migrants; a large
migrant stock reduces migrant selectivity; and economic barriers to migration
apply. Our Ãndings show that Europe experienced substantial losses in human
and health capital while the US beneÃtted from the immigration of European
refugees.
JEL: N34 F22 J24
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145483&r=mig
2. Preferences for Redistribution among Emigrants from a Welfare State
Poutvaara, Panu
Kauppinen, Ilpo
We study attitudes towards income redistribution in the country of origin
among emigrants from a welfare state, and those who stay there. We find a
striking gender difference among Danish emigrants. Majority of men opposes
increasing income redistribution in Denmark, while majority of women supports
it. Also among non-migrants, women are somewhat more positive towards
redistribution, but the gender difference is much smaller. We study to what
extent differences in attitudes towards redistribution are driven by beliefs
about the determinants of individual success, generalized trust, assimilation
to the new home country, and self-selection of emigrants.
JEL: F22 J61 D72
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145884&r=mig
3. Temporary Work Visas as US-Haiti Development Cooperation: A Preliminary
Impact Evaluation
Clemens, Michael A. (Center for Global Development)
Postel, Hannah M. (Center for Global Development)
We report a small-sample, preliminary evaluation of the economic impact of
temporary overseas work by Haitian agricultural workers. This work occurs in
the United States in the context of a pilot program designed as a form of
post-disaster development assistance to Haiti. We find that the effects of
matching new seasonal agricultural jobs in the US with Haitian workers
differs markedly from the effects of more traditional forms of assistance to
Haiti, in three ways: The economic benefits are shared roughly equally
between Haiti and the United States; these benefits are very large, including
raising the value of Haitian workers' labor by a multiple of fifteen; and the
portion of the benefits accruing to Haiti is uncommonly well targeted for the
direct benefit of poor Haitian households. We discuss implementation
challenges faced by the program and the potential for policies of this kind
to complement more traditional forms of development and humanitarian
assistance.
Keywords: development, policy, aid, assistance, migration, mobility,
poverty, guest work, agriculture, farm
JEL: F22 O15 O22 R23
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10548&r=mig
4. Endogenous Sanctioning Institutions and Migration Patterns: Experimental
Evidence
Ramon Cobo-Reyes (Department of Economics, University of Exeter)
Gabriel Katz (Department of Politics, University of Exeter)
Simone Meraglia? (Department of Economics, University of Exeter)
We experimentally analyze the effect of the endogenous choice of sanctioning
institutions on cooperation and migration patterns across societies. In our
experiment, subjects are allocated to one of two groups, are endowed with
group-specific preferences, and play a public goods game for 30 periods. Each
period, subjects can move between groups and, at fixed intervals, can vote on
whether to implement formal (centralized) sanctioning institutions in their
group. We compare this environment to one in which only one group is
exogenously endowed with sanctioning institutions. We find that subjects'
ability to vote on institutions leads to (i) a more efficient partition of
subjects between groups, (ii) a lower migration rate, (iii) an increase in
overall payoffs, and (iv) a decrease in both inter- and intra-groups (payoff)
inequality. Over time, subjects tend to vote for sanctioning institutions and
contribute to the public good.
Keywords: Formal Sanctions, Cooperation, Migration, Voting, Experiment.
JEL: C73 C91 C92 D72 H41 H73
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:exe:wpaper:1702&r=mig
5. Democratic Involvement and Immigrants' Compliance with the Law
Slotwinski, Michaela (University of Basel)
Stutzer, Alois (University of Basel)
Gorinas, Cédric (Danish National Centre for Social Research (SFI))
Many people are concerned about societal cohesion in the face of higher
numbers of foreigners migrating to Western democracies. The challenge for the
future is to find and adopt institutions that foster integration. We
investigate how the right to vote in local elections affects immigrants'
compliance with the law. In our study for Denmark, we exploit an
institutional regulation that grants foreigners local voting rights after
three years of stay. Relying on register data, we find causal evidence that
the first possibility to vote considerably reduces the number of legal
offenses of non-Western male immigrants in the time after elections.
Keywords: migration, voting rights, immigrant integration, crime, RDD
JEL: D02 K42 J15
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10550&r=mig
6. Welcome Home in a Crisis: Effects of Return Migration on the Non-migrants'
Wages and Employment
Ljubica Nedelkoska (Center for International Development at Harvard
University)
Ricardo Hausmann (Center for International Development at Harvard
University)
Albanian migrants in Greece were particularly affected by the Greek crisis,
which spurred a wave of return migration that increased Albaniaâs labor
force
by 5% between 2011 and 2014 alone. We study how this return migration
affected the employment chances and earnings of Albanians who never migrated.
We find positive effects on the wages of low-skilled non-migrants and overall
positive effects on employment. The gains partially offset the sharp drop in
remittances in the observed period. The employment gains are concentrated in
the agricultural sector, where most return migrants engage in self-employment
and entrepreneurship. Businesses run by return migrants seem to pull
Albanians from non-participation, self-employment and subsistence agriculture
into commercial agriculture.
JEL: J21 J23 J24 J31 J61
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cid:wpfacu:330&r=mig
7. Migration, communities-on-the-move and international innovation networks:
An empirical analysis of Spanish regions
D'Ambrosio, Anna
Montresor, Sandro
Parrilli, Mario Davide
Quatraro, Francesco (University of Turin)
This paper investigates the impact of migration on innovation networks
between regions and foreign countries. We posit that immigrants (emigrants)
act as a transnational knowledge bridge between the host (home) regions and
their origin (destination) countries, reinforcing their networking in
innovation and facilitating their co-inventorship. We argue that the social
capital of both the hosting and the moving communities reinforces such a
bridging role, along with the already recognised effect of language
commonality and migrantsâ human capital. By combining patent data with
national data on residents and electors abroad, we apply a gravity model to
the co-inventorship between Spanish provinces (NUTS3 regions) and a number of
foreign countries, in different periods of the last decade. Both immigrants
and emigrants are found to affect this kind of innovation networking. The
social capital of both the moving and the hosting communities actually
moderate this impact in a positive way. The effect of migration is stronger
for more skilled migrants and with respect to non-Spanish speaking countries,
pointing to a language-bridging role of migrants. Overall, individual and
community aspects combine in accounting for the impact of migration on
international innovation networks.
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:labeco:201701&r=mig
8. Israel's Immigration Story: Globalization lessons
Razin, Assaf
The exodus of Soviet Jews to Israel in the 1990s was a unique event. The
extraordinary experience of Israel, which has received three quarter million
migrants from the Former Soviet Union, amounting to 17 percent of its
population, within a short time, is also relevant for the current debate
about migration and globalization. The immigration wave was distinctive for
its large high skilled cohort, and its quick integration into the domestic
labor market. Immigration also changed the entire economic landscape: it
raised productivity, underpinning technological prowess, and had significant
impact on income inequality and the level of redistribution in Israel's
welfare state.
JEL: F22 F6 H00 J1
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:11877&r=mig
9. The Labor Market Performance of Immigrants in Germany
Beyer, Robert
The paper uses a large survey (GSOEP) to analyze the labor market performance
of immigrants in Germany. It finds that new immigrant workers earn on average
20 percent less than native workers with otherwise identical characteristics.
The gap is smaller for immigrants from advanced countries, with good German
language skills, and with a German degree, and larger for others. The gap
declines gradually over time. Less success in obtaining jobs with higher
occupational autonomy explains half of the wage gap. Immigrants are also
initially less likely to participate in the labor market and more likely to
be unemployed. While participation fully converges after 20 years, immigrants
always remain more likely to be unemployed than the native labor force.
JEL: E24 J31 J61
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145799&r=mig
10. On Asymmetric Migration Patterns from Developing Countries
Acharyya, Rajat
Kar, Saibal
This paper shows that trade and emigration of skilled workers from a poor
country is complementary but that between trade and emigration of unskilled
workers is a substitute. The asymmetric effect of more openness to trade on
the local wages seems to be crucial in driving such results. The asymmetric
changes in skilled and unskilled wages generate counterintuitive outcomes
regardless of the policy shock that triggers such wage effect. One of the
more compelling outcomes is rise in wage inequality as influenced by
asymmetric emigration patterns.
Keywords: Trade,emigration,skilled labour,specific factor,remittances,tax
JEL: F22 J64 O15
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:4&r=mig
11. Notes to Understand Migration Policy with International Trade Theoretical
Tools
Cebreros Zurita Carlos Alfonso;Chiquiar Daniel;Roa Mónica;Tobal MartÃn
This paper develops a standard model of international trade and makes three
contributions. First, it shows that when the welfare function of the
recipient country reflects the utility of natives, free-trade and
free-migration generate isomorphic results, that is, they increase overall
welfare but redistribute income by reducing the returns of the scarce factor.
Although this result is frequently evoked in academic circles, this document
shows that the equivalence holds for the most relevant measure of welfare
from a political economy perspective. Second, this equivalence is extended to
the public policy domain: for each level of trade restrictions mutually
imposed, it is found an immigration tax that generates the same
redistribution and welfare impacts. Third, in the light of these results, the
model is enlarged to illustrate a channel through which political economy
concerns may influence immigration policy.
Keywords: International Migration, Political Economy, International Trade
JEL: F22 F13 D72 D78
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bdm:wpaper:2017-03&r=mig
12. Immigrant Fertility in the Midst of Intensified Enforcement
Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina
Arenas-Arroy, Esther
This paper exploits the temporal and geographic variation in the
implementation of local and state immigration enforcement measures to
identify their impact on undocumented immigrantsâ fertility. Using data from
the 2005 through 2014 American Community Survey, we find that a one standard
deviation increase in the intensity of immigration enforcement lowers the
childbearing likelihood of likely undocumented women by 6.3 percent. This
effect appears driven by police-based measures and, the fact that is present
among intact families, families headed by a likely undocumented couple, as
well as among the poorest families, suggests the importance of limited income
resources, along with increased uncertainty emanating from an intensified
fear of deportation, on likely unauthorized womenâs fertility. Given
immigrantsâ critical contribution to the sustainability of the welfare state
and the spread-out embracement of a piece-meal approach to immigration
enforcement, further exploration of this impact is warranted and recommended.
Keywords: Fertility,Immigration Enforcement,Undocumented
Immigration,United States
JEL: J13 J15 K37
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:glodps:1&r=mig
13. Job Changes and Interregional Migration of Graduates
HauÃen, Tina
Haussen, Tina
We empirically analyze job changes and related location choices for graduates
in Germany and its determinants. Using a longitudinal, representative
survey-based dataset, we not only observe the transition of graduates to the
labor market but also every subsequent job change within five years after
graduation. Contrary to what is often assumed in the literature, our findings
show that around 75% of the graduates have more than one job within our
observation period and for a non-negligible share of them, job changes are
related to interregional migration. Whereas job changes mostly depend on the
field of study and previous employment conditions, migration is predominantly
affected by previous migration paths and regional characteristics.
JEL: J61 R11 I23
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145618&r=mig
14. Emigration and Firm Productivity: Evidence from the Sequential Opening of
EU Labour Markets
Giesing, Yvonne
Laurentsyeva, Nadzeya
This paper establishes a causal link between the emigration of skilled
workers and firm performance. We exploit time, country, and industry
differences in the opening of EU labour markets from 2004 to 2014 as a source
of exogenous variation in the emigration rates from new EU member states.
Using firm-level panel data from ten East European countries, we show that
the outflow of skilled workers reduces firm total factor productivity and
increases personnel costs. One explanation for this effect is the increased
job turnover, which lowers firm-specific human capital. We find that the most
productive firms adapt more easily to emigration as they are better able to
retain and train their workers.
JEL: F22 O15 D24
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145850&r=mig
15. Do Migrants Lower Workplace Wages?
White, Michael (Policy Studies Institute)
Bryson, Alex (University College London)
Using nationally representative workplace data for Britain we identify the
partial correlation between workplace wages and the percentage of migrants
employed at a workplace. We find wages are lower in workplaces employing a
higher percentage of migrants, but only when those migrants are non-EEA
migrants. However, the effects are no longer apparent when we condition on
the ethnic complexion of employees at the workplace. Instead, the wage
penalty is attached to the percentage of non-white employees, a finding that
is consistent with employer discrimination on grounds of race, or lower
worker bargaining power when employees are ethnically diverse.
Keywords: migrants, migration, ethnicity, race, wages, earnings, low pay,
discrimination
JEL: J31 J61 J71
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10549&r=mig
16. The Perils of Modelling How Migration Responds to Climate Change
Feng, Bo
Partridge, Mark
Rembert, Mark
The impact of climate change has drawn growing interests from both
researchers and policymakers. Yet, relatively little is known with respect to
its influence on interregional migration. The surge of extreme weather
conditions could lead to the increase of forced migration from coastal to
inland regions, which normally follows different patterns than voluntary
migration. However, recent migration models tend to predict unrealistic
migration trends under climate change in that migration would flow towards
the areas most adversely affected. Given the great uncertainty about the
magnitude and distribution of severe weather events, it is almost impossible
to foresee migration directions by simply extrapolating from the data on how
people have responded in the past to climate and weather. For example,
weather events will likely be far outside of what has been observed. Other
issues include a poor climate measures and a poor understanding of how
climate affects migration in an entirely different structural environment.
Unintended consequence of public policies also contributes to the
complication of predicting future migration pattern. In this paper, we survey
the limitations of existing climate change literature, explore insights of
regional economic studies, and provide potential solutions to those issues.
Keywords: Climate Change; Migration; Prediction
JEL: C53 Q54 R23
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:77059&r=mig
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