----- Forwarded Message -----
From: Yuji Tamura <ernad@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
To: nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Sent: Sunday, March 5, 2017 11:31 PM
Subject: [nep-mig] 2017-03-05, 18 papers
nep-mig 2017-03-05 papers
|
| nep-mig | New EconomicsPapers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2017‒03‒05
eighteen papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
http://econpapers.repec.org/pta90
| |
- Stymied Ambition: Does a Lack ofEconomic Freedom Lead to Migration?Renner,
Laura; Meierrieks,Daniel
- International Family Migration andthe Dual-Earner ModelMartin Munk; Till
Nikolka; PanuPoutvaara
- MigratingExtremistsOchsner, Christian; Roesel, Felix
- The Effect of Far Right Parties onthe Location Choice of Immigrants:
Evidence from Lega NordMayorsEmanuele Bracco; Colin Peter Green; Maria De
Paola;Vincenzo Scoppa
- Transition from Temporary ForeignWorkers to Permanent Residents, 1990 to
2014Hou, Feng; Lu,Yuqian
- The causal effect of age atmigration on youth educational
attainmentLemmermann, Dominique;Riphahn, Regina
- Income disparities, population andmigration flows over the 21st
centuryFrédéric Docquier; JoëlMachado
- Migrant labor in the Norwegianpetroleum sectorBernt Bratsberg; Oddbjørn
Raaum; OleRogeberg
- Punitive inclusion: the politicaleconomy of irregular migration in the
margins of EuropeLeonidasK. Cheliotis
- Global integration and worldmigrationStark, Oded
- Migration when social preferencesare ordinal: Steady state population
distribution, and socialwelfareStark, Oded
- The impact of China's WTOaccession on internal migrationGiovanni Facchini;
Maggie Y. Liu;Anna Maria Mayda; Minghai Zhou
- The Impact of Syrian Refugees onNatives' Labor Market Outcomes in Turkey:
Evidence from a Quasi-ExperimentalDesignEvren Ceritoglu; Hatice Burcu Gurcihan
Yunculer; HuzeyfeTorun; Semih Tumen
- The Labor Market Consequences ofRefugee Supply ShocksGeorge J. Borjas;
Joan Monras
- Complex Factors Behind MisguidedPolicies in Socioeconomics: From Mass
Migration and Persistent Alienation toRampant Crime and Economic MalaiseKim,
Steven
- Minimum Wages and SpatialEquilibrium: Theory and EvidenceJoan Monras
- Migration, Labor Tasks andProduction Structure in EuropeStefania Borelli;
Giuseppe DeArcangelis; Majlinda Joxhe
- Macroeconomic determinants ofemigration from KenyaOmbaire Birundu, William
- Stymied Ambition:Does a Lack of Economic Freedom Lead toMigration?
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Renner, Laura ; Meierrieks, Daniel |
| This contribution investigates the relationship betweeneconomic freedom
and international migration. We argue that higher levels ofeconomic freedom in
the source countries of migration may discourage migrationby generating more
economic security, providing more economic opportunities andstimulating overall
economic activity. Using a panel dataset on migration from91 developing and
emerging to the 20 most attractive OECD destination countriesfor the 1980-2010
period, we find that more economic freedom at home discourageshigh-skilled
migration but does not matter to low-skilled migration. Thenegative association
between economic freedom and skilled emigration also holdswhen we estimate
dynamic-panel models that allow for endogeneity in the
economicfreedom-migration nexus. Our findings thus suggest that high-skilled
individualsare especially responsive to the economic incentives arising from
higher levelsof economic freedom. |
| JEL: | F22 J61 J60 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145546&r=mig ;|
- InternationalFamily Migration and the Dual-Earner Model
| Date: | 2017-02 |
| By: | Martin Munk (Aalborg University) ; TillNikolka (Ifo Institute)
; PanuPoutvaara (Ifo Institute) |
| Gender differences in labor force participation areexceptionally small
in Nordic countries. We investigate how couples emigratingfrom Denmark
self-select and sort into different destinations and whethercouples pursue the
dual-earner model, in which both partners work, when abroad.Female labor force
participation is slightly lower among couples that lateremigrate, and drops
considerably after migration outside the Nordic countries.Pre migration
differences between couples subsequently migrating to differentdestinations are
small. Our survey reveals that couple migration is usuallydriven by the
male’s job opportunities. The results suggest thatincreasing international
migration may reduce women’s careerinvestments. |
| Keywords: | Household production, Female labor force participation,
Child care,International migration, Family migration |
| JEL: | D13 J12 J13 J16 F22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:1703&r=mig ;|
- MigratingExtremists
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Ochsner, Christian ; Roesel,Felix |
| We show that migrating extremists shape political landscapestoward
their ideology in the long run. We exploit the unexpected division of thestate
of Upper Austria into a US and a Soviet occupation zone after WWII.
Zoningprompts large-scale Nazi migration to US occupied regions. Regions
thatwitnessed a Nazi influx exhibit significantly higher voting shares for
theright-wing Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) throughout the entire
post-WWIIperiod, but not before WWII. We can exclude other channels that may
haveaffected post-war elections, including differences in US and
Sovietdenazification and occupation policies, bomb attacks, Volksdeutsche
refugees andsuppression by other political parties. We show that extremism is
transmittedthrough family ties and local party branches. We find that the
surnames of FPÖlocal election candidates in 2015 in the former US zone are more
prevalent in1942 phonebook data (Reichstelefonbuch) of the former Soviet zone
compared toother parties. |
| JEL: | R23 D72 N94 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145632&r=mig ;|
- The Effect of FarRight Parties on the Location Choice of Immigrants:
Evidence from Lega NordMayors
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Emanuele Bracco ; ColinPeter Green ; Maria De Paola ; Vincenzo
Scoppa |
| Immigration has increasingly taken centre-stage in thepolitical
landscape. Part of this has been rise in far-right, anti-immigrationparties in
a range of countries. Existing evidence suggests that the presence ofimmigrants
has a substantial effect on the political views of the electorate,generating an
advantage to these parties with anti-immigration or nationalistplatforms. This
paper explores a closely related issue but overlooked issue: howimmigrant
behavior is influenced by these parties. We focus on immigrantlocation
decisions in Northern Italy which has seen the rise of theanti-immigration
party Lega Nord. We construct a dataset of mayoral elections inItaly for the
years 2002-2014, and calculate the effect of electing a mayorbelonging to, or
supported by Lega Nord. To identify this relationship we focuson mayors who
have been elected with narrow margins of victory in a RegressionDiscontinuity
framework. The election of Lega Nord mayor discourages immigrantsfrom moving
into the municipality. |
| Keywords: | Immigration, Geographical Mobility, Voting Behavior,
Political economy,Regression Discontinuity Design |
| JEL: | J15 J61 D72 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lan:wpaper:156985061&r=mig ;|
- Transition fromTemporary Foreign Workers to Permanent Residents, 1990
to2014
| Date: | 2017-02-21 |
| By: | Hou, Feng ; Lu,Yuqian |
| The number of temporary foreign workers in Canada increasedconsiderably
from the early 1990s. Temporary foreign workers over this periodalso became an
increasingly important source of permanent residents admitted toCanada. Using
the Temporary Residents file and the Immigrant Landing File, thisarticle
documents the changes in the levels and types of new temporary foreignworkers
who arrived in Canada from 1990 to 2014. It further examines thepatterns of
transition from temporary foreign workers to permanent residents,and the
immigration classes through which temporary foreign workers obtainedpermanent
residence. |
| Keywords: | Citizenship, Ethnic diversity and immigration,
Immigrants andnon-permanent residents, Labour market and income |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:stc:stcp3e:2017389e&r=mig ;|
- The causal effectof age at migration on youth educationalattainment
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Lemmermann, Dominique ; Riphahn, Regina |
| We investigate the causal effect of youths' age atimmigration on
subsequent educational attainment in the destination country. Toidentify the
causal effect we compare the educational attainment of siblings atage 21,
exploiting the fact that they typically migrate at different ages withina given
family. We consider several education outcomes conditional on familyfixed
effects. We take advantage of long running and detailed data from theGerman
Socio-Economic Panel, which entails an oversample of immigrants andprovides
information on language skills. We find significant effects of age atmigration
on educational attainment and a critical age of migration around age6. We find
that the educational attainment of female immigrants responds morestrongly to a
high age at immigration than that of males. We can exclude thatthe causal
effect is determined only by language abilities. |
| JEL: | I21 J61 C21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145882&r=mig ;|
- Incomedisparities, population and migration flows over the 21stcentury
| Date: | 2017-02-23 |
| By: | Frédéric Docquier (FNRS and IRES, Université Catholique
deLouvain) ; Joël Machado (IRES, Université Catholique de Louvain) |
| This paper provides worldwide projections of population,educational
attainment, international migration and income for the 21st century.We develop
and parametrize a dynamic, stylized model of the world economy thataccounts for
the key interdependencies between demographic and economicvariables. Our
baseline scenario is in line with the‘high-fertility’ population prospects
of the United Nations,assumes constant education and migration policies,
long-run absolute convergencein total factor productivity (TFP) between
emerging and high-income countries,and the absence of economic takeoff in
Africa. It predicts a rise in the incomeshare of Asia (from 38 to 59 percent of
the world income) and in the demographicshare of Africa (from 10 to 25 percent
of the world population). However, overthe 21st century, the worldwide
proportion of adult migrants will only increaseby one percentage point (from
3.5 to 4.5 percent). Half of this change isexplained by the increased
attractiveness of China and India; and the remainingpart is explained by the
increased migration pressure from Africa to WesternEurope. Keeping its
immigration policy unchanged, the 15 members of the EuropeanUnion will see
their average immigration rate increase from 7.5 to 17.2 percent.On the
contrary, immigration rates will remain stable in the other
high-incomecountries. Then, we assess the sensitivity of our projections to
changes inmigration policies, TFP disparities, fertility and education. The
evolution ofproductivity in emerging economies and in Africa will have a
drastic impact onthe worldwide population size, income disparities and the
migration pressure tothe European Union. The world economy will also be
drastically affected if TFPconvergence is accompanied by a fall in migration
costs to China and India.However, a large increase in the average European
immigration rate is obtainedunder all the scenarios. More than ever, the
management of immigration willbecome a major societal challenge for Europe. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csl:devewp:421&r=mig ;|
- Migrant labor inthe Norwegian petroleum sector
| Date: | 2017-02-23 |
| By: | Bernt Bratsberg (Frisch Centre) ; Oddbjørn Raaum (Frisch
Centre) ; OleRogeberg (Frisch Centre) |
| Drawing on comprehensive sets of administrative registerdata, we
examine employment and pay structures in the Norwegian petroleum sectorbetween
1992 and 2013, with a particular emphasis on foreign workers. The periodcovers
a number of important changes taking place, with rising oil prices andgrowing
investments during the 2000s and a large influx of labor migrants intoNorwegian
labor markets following the 2004 expansion of the European Union.Relative to
foreign workers in other private†sector industries, we findthat the petroleum
sector is characterized by greater use of posted workers, ahigher occupational
skill mix of immigrants, and, for those in skilledoccupations, wages on par
with native workers. Migrant petroleum workers haveshorter durations in the
country than other migrants, and the data reveal onlymodest job mobility to
other industries, particularly among high†skilledworkers. Nonetheless, the
evidence points to spillover effects from thepetroleum sector as workers who
move on to jobs in mainland industries earn awage premium relative to those
without petroleum experience. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csl:devewp:420&r=mig ;|
- Punitiveinclusion: the political economy of irregular migration in the
margins ofEurope
| Date: | 2017-01-01 |
| By: | Leonidas K. Cheliotis |
| Focusing on the treatment irregular migrants have receivedin Greece
since the early 1990s, this article seeks to advance criticalscholarship on how
European countries have responded to migration fromimpoverished or otherwise
disadvantaged parts of the globe over recent decades.The article first draws
attention to ways in which purportedly exclusionaryapproaches to irregular
migration control may be imperfect by design, insofar asrestrictions are
imposed on outflows to secure an exploitable workforce thatserves important
labour market needs and, by extension, dominant politicalinterests in the
‘host’ state. Moving on to address the precise ways inwhich labour exploitation
of irregular migrants is brought into effect, thearticle demonstrates how
seemingly unrelated state policies and practicesregarding matters of migration,
welfare, employment and criminal justice, aswell as certain manifestations of
anti-migrant violence by non-state actors, mayact in combination with one
another to this end. |
| JEL: | N0 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:65189&r=mig ;|
- Globalintegration and world migration
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Stark, Oded |
| This paper explores the following chain of conjectures:rising use of
the internet, the widespread access to global information, andintensified
communication between regions and countries brought about, forexample, by
intensified trade links bring about expansion of people's socialspace and their
set of comparators; this expansion increases people's stress andstrengthens
their inclination to resort to migration as a means of reducing thisheightened
stress. Other things held constant, the expansion of people's socialspace
intensifies their inclination to move across geographical space. |
| Keywords: | Expansion of social space,Relativedeprivation,Migration |
| JEL: | A12 A14 B41 D01 F15 F22 J61 O15 Z13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:tuewef:95&r=mig ;|
- Migration whensocial preferences are ordinal: Steady state population
distribution, and socialwelfare
| Date: | 2017-02 |
| By: | Stark, Oded |
| This paper adds three dimensions to the received literature:it models
migration when the individuals’ preferences regarding their relativeincome are
ordinal, it works out the resulting spatial steady state distributionof the
individuals, and it shows that the aggregate of the individuals’migration
choices in the spatial steady state distribution sums up to the socialoptimum.
This finding does not apply when the individuals’ preferencesregarding their
relative income are cardinal. We highlight the importance of theassumption
about the nature of the individuals’ social preferences (whetherordinal or
cardinal) to studying and predicting their migration behavior, and
toelucidating the consequences of that behavior for social welfare. |
| Keywords: | Ordinal preferences, Distaste for low relative income,
An ordinal measureof income relative deprivation, Interregional migration,
Steady state spatialdistribution, Social Welfare, Labor and Human Capital, C61,
C62, D50, D60, D62,I31, R13, R23, Z13, |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ubzefd:253373&r=mig ;|
- The impact ofChina's WTO accession on internal migration
| Date: | 2017-02-24 |
| By: | Giovanni Facchini (University of Nottingham, CEPR, CES-Ifo,
CReAM,GEP, and LdA) ; Maggie Y. Liu (Georgetown University) ; AnnaMaria Mayda
(Georgetown University, CEPR, IZA and LdA) ; MinghaiZhou (University of
Nottingham, Ningbo China) |
| In this paper we focus on the changes in internal migrationflows
triggered by China’s 2001 entry into the World Trade Organization(WTO). We
use a difference-in-difference empirical specification based onvariation across
Chinese prefectures before and after 2001. We relate changes ininternal
migration rates to the reduction in trade policy uncertainty faced byChinese
exporters to the U.S., as measured by the normal-trade relations (NTR)gap
(Handley and Limao 2013, Pierce and Schott 2015). We find that
Chineseprefectures facing a larger decline in their average NTR-gap experience
agreater increase in internal migration. Our results also show that the impact
onskilled and unskilled internal migration rates is consistent with the
averageskill intensity of export industries of a prefecture. |
| Keywords: | Immigration Policy, Trade Policy, Political |
| JEL: | F22J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csl:devewp:422&r=mig ;|
- The Impact ofSyrian Refugees on Natives' Labor Market Outcomes in Turkey:
Evidence from aQuasi-Experimental Design
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Evren Ceritoglu ; Hatice Burcu Gurcihan Yunculer ;
HuzeyfeTorun ; Semih Tumen |
| Civil conflict in Syria, started in March 2011, led to amassive wave of
forced immigration from the Northern Syria to the Southeasternregions of
Turkey, which later had serious economic/political repercussions onthe MENA
region and most of the Europe. This paper exploits this naturalexperiment to
estimate the impact of Syrian refugees on the labor marketoutcomes of natives
in Turkey. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, wefind that immigration
has somewhat affected the employment outcomes of natives,while its impact on
wage outcomes has been negligible. We document someemployment losses among
informal workers as a consequence of refugee inflows.Formal employment
increased slightly potentially due to increased socialservices in the region.
The majority of those who lost their informal jobs haveeither left the labor
force or remained unemployed. Formal employment andunemployment rates have
increased, while labor force participation, informalemployment, and job finding
rates have declined among natives. Disadvantagedgroups – i.e., women, younger
workers, and less-educated workers – have beenaffected the most. The prevalence
of informal employment in the Turkish labormarkets has amplified the negative
impact of Syrian refugee inflows onnatives’ labor market outcomes. Overall, the
impact of Syrian refugee inflowson the Turkish labor markets has been limited,
which suggests that the potentialcosts on the European and other affected labor
markets might also belimited. |
| Keywords: | Syrian civil conflict, Immigration, Turkey, Labor
market,Informality, Difference in differences |
| JEL: | J15 J21 J46 J61 C21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tcb:wpaper:1705&r=mig ;|
- The Labor MarketConsequences of Refugee Supply Shocks
| Date: | 2016-12 |
| By: | George J. Borjas (Harvard University) ; JoanMonras (CEMFI,
Centro de Estudios Monetarios y Financieros) |
| The continuing inflow of hundreds of thousands of refugeesinto many
European countries has ignited much political controversy and raisedquestions
that require a fuller understanding of the determinants andconsequences of
refugee supply shocks. This paper revisits four historicalrefugee shocks to
document their labor market impact. Specifically, we examine:The influx of
Marielitos into Miami in 1980; the influx of French repatriatesand Algerian
nationals into France at the end of the Algerian Independence Warin 1962; the
influx of Jewish émigrés into Israel after the collapse of theSoviet Union in
the early 1990s; and the exodus of refugees from the formerYugoslavia during
the long series of Balkan wars between 1991 and 2001. We use acommon empirical
approach, derived from factor demand theory, and publiclyavailable data to
measure the impact of these shocks. Despite the differences inthe political
forces that motivated the various flows, and in economicconditions across
receiving countries, the evidence reveals a common thread thatconfirms key
insights of the canonical model of a competitive labor market:Exogenous supply
shocks adversely affect the labor market opportunities ofcompeting natives in
the receiving countries, and often have a favorable impacton complementary
workers. In short, refugee flows can have large distributionalconsequences. |
| Keywords: | Immigration, refugees, supply shocks, labordemand. |
| JEL: | J2J15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cmf:wpaper:wp2016_1616&r=mig ;|
- Complex FactorsBehind Misguided Policies in Socioeconomics: From Mass
Migration and PersistentAlienation to Rampant Crime and Economic Malaise
| Date: | 2016-09 |
| By: | Kim, Steven |
| In a complex and chaotic world, people often gloss over thefacts and
jump to conclusions. Unfortunately, the hasty approach usually yieldsdeficient
and even harmful results. The domains affected range from migrationand poverty
to alienation and crime. According to the Myth of Boon, forinstance, immigrants
always benefit the host society. In this light, many peopleenvisage the great
migrations of the 19th century from Europe to America.However, the United
States at that stage was itself a developing country;moreover the Civil War
showed that clashing cultures cannot co-exist. Meanwhilethe Myth of
Multiculturalism asserts that a mashup of mores is always desirable;but the
reality is otherwise. When immigrants in their millions pour intosparsely
populated districts, they end up replicating the cultures that causedthem to
flee their homelands in the first place. The upshot is disruptive
anddistressing for all parties be they newcomers or incumbents. In addition,
theMyth of Virtue declares that migrants of all backgrounds are equally
upright.Yet comprehensive studies in Sweden have shown that violent crimes can
be tracedto immigrants at rates which are at least four times those for
natives. Fromanother angle, a drove of migrants is a godsend for criminals. For
instance, aterrorist ring struck in France in 2015 and again in Belgium the
following year.The perpetrators – who grew up in Belgium, France and Sweden –
displayedimmigrant backgrounds and included part of the cohort that traveled to
theMideast to receive training from militants then returned to Europe by posing
asrefugees. Since socioeconomic problems are intertwined rather than
independent,a piecemeal approach will not fill the bill. Instead, a coherent
grasp of theissues and their tie-ups is a prerequisite for devising a
wholesomesolution. |
| Keywords: | Socioeconomics, Policy, Migration, Poverty, Alienation,
Crime,Society, Culture, Multiculturalism |
| JEL: | A14 D10 E10 E66 F5 H1 I3 J1 K42 N3 N4O1 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:76733&r=mig ;|
- Minimum Wages andSpatial Equilibrium: Theory and Evidence
| Date: | 2016-12 |
| By: | Joan Monras (CEMFI, Centro de Estudios Monetarios
yFinancieros) |
| This paper introduces a spatial equilibrium model thatrelates earnings,
employment, and internal migration responses to minimum wageincreases.
Population moves to or away from regions that increase minimum wagesdepending
on the labor demand elasticity and on the financing of unemploymentbenefits.
The empirical evidence shows that increases in minimum wages lead toincreases
in average wages and decreases in employment among the low-skilled.The labor
demand elasticity is estimated to be above 1, in the model a necessarycondition
for the migration responses observed in the data. Low-skilled workerstend to
leave the regions that increase minimum wages. |
| Keywords: | Minimum wages, spatial equilibrium, internalmigration. |
| JEL: | J08 J23 J38 J61 R12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cmf:wpaper:wp2016_1615&r=mig ;|
- Migration, LaborTasks and Production Structure in Europe
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Stefania Borelli (Sapienza University of Rome) ; Giuseppe De
Arcangelis (Sapienza University of Rome) ; MajlindaJoxhe (CREA, Université du
Luxembourg) |
| This paper assesses the effect of the immigration on theproduction
structure in a selection of European countries in 2001-2009 with atask-based
approach. The inflow of immigrants represents an increase in therelative supply
of manual-physical (or simple) tasks, hence favoring simple-taskintensive
sectors. We use a new OECD dataset, PIAAC, to calculate the index ofsimple-task
intensity at the country-industry level. The analysis confirms thatthe increase
in migration stocks caused a positive impact on the value added ofsectors that
use more intensively simple tasks. These effects are more intensewhen
considering countries as Italy and Spain characterized by a recent, rapidand
intense inflow of migrants. Endogeneity issues are discussed and
instrumentsbased on a gravity approach are used in estimation. |
| Keywords: | Rybczynski Effect,International Migration, PIAAC,
Gravity Equation |
| JEL: | F22C25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:luc:wpaper:17-02&r=mig ;|
- Macroeconomicdeterminants of emigration from Kenya
| Date: | 2016-11-11 |
| By: | Ombaire Birundu, William |
| The study examined the economic determinants of migrationfrom Kenya to
USA, Canada, Australia, Germany and United Kingdom by applying aunilateral
migration gravity model during the period 2000-2015.The study appliedthe Least
Square Dummy Variable specification technique to estimate the gravitymodel. The
pull factors from Kenya were high inflation, exchange rateappreciation, high
population and a rise in Kenyan GDP per capita.In consideringthe relative
attractiveness of the destination countries in increasing order thefinding
showed Australia, Canada, UK and Germany were the prominent
migrationdestinations. When emigration was considered overtime there was
generally apositive trend except for 2007.Finallythe findings showed that if
all themacroeconomic factors were held constant there will be a significant
decline inmigration from Kenya thus we conclude that besides other factors
influencingmigration, economic factors play a key role too. |
| Keywords: | Emigration, LeastSquare Dummy Variable, Gravity Model,
Kenya, Macroeconomic factors |
| JEL: | F22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:77130&r=mig ;|
This nep-mig issue comes without anyexpress or implied warranty. You may
contact the editor by reply to thismail. General information on the NEP project
can be found at http://nep.repec.org. For comments please writeto the director ;
of NEP, Marco Novarese at < director @ nep pointrepec point org >.Use
http://lists.repec.org/mailman/options/nep-migto sign ;
off._______________________________________________
nep-mig mailing list
nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
http://lists.repec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/nep-mig
_______________________________________________
nep-mig mailing list
nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
http://lists.repec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/nep-mignep-mig New Economics Papers on Economics of Human Migration
ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
Issue of 2017â03â05 â
eighteen papers chosen by â
Yuji Tamura (La Trobe â
University) â
â
â
http://ep.repec.org/pta90 â
âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
1. Stymied Ambition: Does a Lack of Economic Freedom Lead to Migration?
Renner, Laura; Meierrieks, Daniel
2. International Family Migration and the Dual-Earner Model
Martin Munk; Till Nikolka; Panu Poutvaara
3. Migrating Extremists
Ochsner, Christian; Roesel, Felix
4. The Effect of Far Right Parties on the Location Choice of Immigrants:
Evidence from Lega Nord Mayors
Emanuele Bracco; Colin Peter Green; Maria De Paola; Vincenzo Scoppa
5. Transition from Temporary Foreign Workers to Permanent Residents, 1990 to
2014
Hou, Feng; Lu, Yuqian
6. The causal effect of age at migration on youth educational attainment
Lemmermann, Dominique; Riphahn, Regina
7. Income disparities, population and migration flows over the 21st century
Frédéric Docquier; Joël Machado
8. Migrant labor in the Norwegian petroleum sector
Bernt Bratsberg; Oddbjørn Raaum; Ole Rogeberg
9. Punitive inclusion: the political economy of irregular migration in the
margins of Europe
Leonidas K. Cheliotis
10. Global integration and world migration
Stark, Oded
11. Migration when social preferences are ordinal: Steady state population
distribution, and social welfare
Stark, Oded
12. The impact of China's WTO accession on internal migration
Giovanni Facchini; Maggie Y. Liu; Anna Maria Mayda; Minghai Zhou
13. The Impact of Syrian Refugees on Natives' Labor Market Outcomes in Turkey:
Evidence from a Quasi-Experimental Design
Evren Ceritoglu; Hatice Burcu Gurcihan Yunculer; Huzeyfe Torun; Semih Tumen
14. The Labor Market Consequences of Refugee Supply Shocks
George J. Borjas; Joan Monras
15. Complex Factors Behind Misguided Policies in Socioeconomics: From Mass
Migration and Persistent Alienation to Rampant Crime and Economic Malaise
Kim, Steven
16. Minimum Wages and Spatial Equilibrium: Theory and Evidence
Joan Monras
17. Migration, Labor Tasks and Production Structure in Europe
Stefania Borelli; Giuseppe De Arcangelis; Majlinda Joxhe
18. Macroeconomic determinants of emigration from Kenya
Ombaire Birundu, William
ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
1. Stymied Ambition: Does a Lack of Economic Freedom Lead to Migration?
Renner, Laura
Meierrieks, Daniel
This contribution investigates the relationship between economic freedom and
international migration. We argue that higher levels of economic freedom in
the source countries of migration may discourage migration by generating more
economic security, providing more economic opportunities and stimulating
overall economic activity. Using a panel dataset on migration from 91
developing and emerging to the 20 most attractive OECD destination countries
for the 1980-2010 period, we find that more economic freedom at home
discourages high-skilled migration but does not matter to low-skilled
migration. The negative association between economic freedom and skilled
emigration also holds when we estimate dynamic-panel models that allow for
endogeneity in the economic freedom-migration nexus. Our findings thus
suggest that high-skilled individuals are especially responsive to the
economic incentives arising from higher levels of economic freedom.
JEL: F22 J61 J60
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145546&r=mig
2. International Family Migration and the Dual-Earner Model
Martin Munk (Aalborg University)
Till Nikolka (Ifo Institute)
Panu Poutvaara (Ifo Institute)
Gender differences in labor force participation are exceptionally small in
Nordic countries. We investigate how couples emigrating from Denmark
self-select and sort into different destinations and whether couples pursue
the dual-earner model, in which both partners work, when abroad. Female labor
force participation is slightly lower among couples that later emigrate, and
drops considerably after migration outside the Nordic countries. Pre
migration differences between couples subsequently migrating to different
destinations are small. Our survey reveals that couple migration is usually
driven by the maleââ¬â¢s job opportunities. The results suggest that
increasing
international migration may reduce womenââ¬â¢s career investments.
Keywords: Household production, Female labor force participation, Child
care, International migration, Family migration
JEL: D13 J12 J13 J16 F22
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:1703&r=mig
3. Migrating Extremists
Ochsner, Christian
Roesel, Felix
We show that migrating extremists shape political landscapes toward their
ideology in the long run. We exploit the unexpected division of the state of
Upper Austria into a US and a Soviet occupation zone after WWII. Zoning
prompts large-scale Nazi migration to US occupied regions. Regions that
witnessed a Nazi influx exhibit significantly higher voting shares for the
right-wing Freedom Party of Austria (FPÃ) throughout the entire post-WWII
period, but not before WWII. We can exclude other channels that may have
affected post-war elections, including differences in US and Soviet
denazification and occupation policies, bomb attacks, Volksdeutsche refugees
and suppression by other political parties. We show that extremism is
transmitted through family ties and local party branches. We find that the
surnames of FPÃ local election candidates in 2015 in the former US zone are
more prevalent in 1942 phonebook data (Reichstelefonbuch) of the former
Soviet zone compared to other parties.
JEL: R23 D72 N94
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145632&r=mig
4. The Effect of Far Right Parties on the Location Choice of Immigrants:
Evidence from Lega Nord Mayors
Emanuele Bracco
Colin Peter Green
Maria De Paola
Vincenzo Scoppa
Immigration has increasingly taken centre-stage in the political landscape.
Part of this has been rise in far-right, anti-immigration parties in a range
of countries. Existing evidence suggests that the presence of immigrants has
a substantial effect on the political views of the electorate, generating an
advantage to these parties with anti-immigration or nationalist platforms.
This paper explores a closely related issue but overlooked issue: how
immigrant behavior is influenced by these parties. We focus on immigrant
location decisions in Northern Italy which has seen the rise of the
anti-immigration party Lega Nord. We construct a dataset of mayoral elections
in Italy for the years 2002-2014, and calculate the effect of electing a
mayor belonging to, or supported by Lega Nord. To identify this relationship
we focus on mayors who have been elected with narrow margins of victory in a
Regression Discontinuity framework. The election of Lega Nord mayor
discourages immigrants from moving into the municipality.
Keywords: Immigration, Geographical Mobility, Voting Behavior, Political
economy, Regression Discontinuity Design
JEL: J15 J61 D72
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lan:wpaper:156985061&r=mig
5. Transition from Temporary Foreign Workers to Permanent Residents, 1990 to
2014
Hou, Feng
Lu, Yuqian
The number of temporary foreign workers in Canada increased considerably from
the early 1990s. Temporary foreign workers over this period also became an
increasingly important source of permanent residents admitted to Canada.
Using the Temporary Residents file and the Immigrant Landing File, this
article documents the changes in the levels and types of new temporary
foreign workers who arrived in Canada from 1990 to 2014. It further examines
the patterns of transition from temporary foreign workers to permanent
residents, and the immigration classes through which temporary foreign
workers obtained permanent residence.
Keywords: Citizenship, Ethnic diversity and immigration, Immigrants and
non-permanent residents, Labour market and income
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:stc:stcp3e:2017389e&r=mig
6. The causal effect of age at migration on youth educational attainment
Lemmermann, Dominique
Riphahn, Regina
We investigate the causal effect of youths' age at immigration on subsequent
educational attainment in the destination country. To identify the causal
effect we compare the educational attainment of siblings at age 21,
exploiting the fact that they typically migrate at different ages within a
given family. We consider several education outcomes conditional on family
fixed effects. We take advantage of long running and detailed data from the
German Socio-Economic Panel, which entails an oversample of immigrants and
provides information on language skills. We find significant effects of age
at migration on educational attainment and a critical age of migration around
age 6. We find that the educational attainment of female immigrants responds
more strongly to a high age at immigration than that of males. We can exclude
that the causal effect is determined only by language abilities.
JEL: I21 J61 C21
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145882&r=mig
7. Income disparities, population and migration flows over the 21st century
Frédéric Docquier (FNRS and IRES, Université Catholique de Louvain)
Joël Machado (IRES, Université Catholique de Louvain)
This paper provides worldwide projections of population, educational
attainment, international migration and income for the 21st century. We
develop and parametrize a dynamic, stylized model of the world economy that
accounts for the key interdependencies between demographic and economic
variables. Our baseline scenario is in line with the
ââ¬Ëhigh-fertilityââ¬â¢
population prospects of the United Nations, assumes constant education and
migration policies, long-run absolute convergence in total factor
productivity (TFP) between emerging and high-income countries, and the
absence of economic takeoff in Africa. It predicts a rise in the income share
of Asia (from 38 to 59 percent of the world income) and in the demographic
share of Africa (from 10 to 25 percent of the world population). However,
over the 21st century, the worldwide proportion of adult migrants will only
increase by one percentage point (from 3.5 to 4.5 percent). Half of this
change is explained by the increased attractiveness of China and India; and
the remaining part is explained by the increased migration pressure from
Africa to Western Europe. Keeping its immigration policy unchanged, the 15
members of the European Union will see their average immigration rate
increase from 7.5 to 17.2 percent. On the contrary, immigration rates will
remain stable in the other high-income countries. Then, we assess the
sensitivity of our projections to changes in migration policies, TFP
disparities, fertility and education. The evolution of productivity in
emerging economies and in Africa will have a drastic impact on the worldwide
population size, income disparities and the migration pressure to the
European Union. The world economy will also be drastically affected if TFP
convergence is accompanied by a fall in migration costs to China and India.
However, a large increase in the average European immigration rate is
obtained under all the scenarios. More than ever, the management of
immigration will become a major societal challenge for Europe.
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csl:devewp:421&r=mig
8. Migrant labor in the Norwegian petroleum sector
Bernt Bratsberg (Frisch Centre)
Oddbjørn Raaum (Frisch Centre)
Ole Rogeberg (Frisch Centre)
Drawing on comprehensive sets of administrative register data, we examine
employment and pay structures in the Norwegian petroleum sector between 1992
and 2013, with a particular emphasis on foreign workers. The period covers a
number of important changes taking place, with rising oil prices and growing
investments during the 2000s and a large influx of labor migrants into
Norwegian labor markets following the 2004 expansion of the European Union.
Relative to foreign workers in other privateâ⬠sector industries, we find
that the petroleum sector is characterized by greater use of posted workers,
a higher occupational skill mix of immigrants, and, for those in skilled
occupations, wages on par with native workers. Migrant petroleum workers have
shorter durations in the country than other migrants, and the data reveal
only modest job mobility to other industries, particularly among highââ¬
skilled workers. Nonetheless, the evidence points to spillover effects from
the petroleum sector as workers who move on to jobs in mainland industries
earn a wage premium relative to those without petroleum experience.
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csl:devewp:420&r=mig
9. Punitive inclusion: the political economy of irregular migration in the
margins of Europe
Leonidas K. Cheliotis
Focusing on the treatment irregular migrants have received in Greece since
the early 1990s, this article seeks to advance critical scholarship on how
European countries have responded to migration from impoverished or otherwise
disadvantaged parts of the globe over recent decades. The article first draws
attention to ways in which purportedly exclusionary approaches to irregular
migration control may be imperfect by design, insofar as restrictions are
imposed on outflows to secure an exploitable workforce that serves important
labour market needs and, by extension, dominant political interests in the
âhostâ state. Moving on to address the precise ways in which labour
exploitation of irregular migrants is brought into effect, the article
demonstrates how seemingly unrelated state policies and practices regarding
matters of migration, welfare, employment and criminal justice, as well as
certain manifestations of anti-migrant violence by non-state actors, may act
in combination with one another to this end.
JEL: N0
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ehl:lserod:65189&r=mig
10. Global integration and world migration
Stark, Oded
This paper explores the following chain of conjectures: rising use of the
internet, the widespread access to global information, and intensified
communication between regions and countries brought about, for example, by
intensified trade links bring about expansion of people's social space and
their set of comparators; this expansion increases people's stress and
strengthens their inclination to resort to migration as a means of reducing
this heightened stress. Other things held constant, the expansion of people's
social space intensifies their inclination to move across geographical space.
Keywords: Expansion of social space,Relative deprivation,Migration
JEL: A12 A14 B41 D01 F15 F22 J61 O15 Z13
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:tuewef:95&r=mig
11. Migration when social preferences are ordinal: Steady state population
distribution, and social welfare
Stark, Oded
This paper adds three dimensions to the received literature: it models
migration when the individualsâ preferences regarding their relative income
are ordinal, it works out the resulting spatial steady state distribution of
the individuals, and it shows that the aggregate of the individualsâ
migration choices in the spatial steady state distribution sums up to the
social optimum. This finding does not apply when the individualsâ
preferences
regarding their relative income are cardinal. We highlight the importance of
the assumption about the nature of the individualsâ social preferences
(whether ordinal or cardinal) to studying and predicting their migration
behavior, and to elucidating the consequences of that behavior for social
welfare.
Keywords: Ordinal preferences, Distaste for low relative income, An
ordinal measure of income relative deprivation, Interregional migration,
Steady state spatial distribution, Social Welfare, Labor and Human
Capital, C61, C62, D50, D60, D62, I31, R13, R23, Z13,
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ags:ubzefd:253373&r=mig
12. The impact of China's WTO accession on internal migration
Giovanni Facchini (University of Nottingham, CEPR, CES-Ifo, CReAM, GEP,
and LdA)
Maggie Y. Liu (Georgetown University)
Anna Maria Mayda (Georgetown University, CEPR, IZA and LdA)
Minghai Zhou (University of Nottingham, Ningbo China)
In this paper we focus on the changes in internal migration flows triggered
by Chinaââ¬â¢s 2001 entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO). We use a
difference-in-difference empirical specification based on variation across
Chinese prefectures before and after 2001. We relate changes in internal
migration rates to the reduction in trade policy uncertainty faced by Chinese
exporters to the U.S., as measured by the normal-trade relations (NTR) gap
(Handley and Limao 2013, Pierce and Schott 2015). We find that Chinese
prefectures facing a larger decline in their average NTR-gap experience a
greater increase in internal migration. Our results also show that the impact
on skilled and unskilled internal migration rates is consistent with the
average skill intensity of export industries of a prefecture.
Keywords: Immigration Policy, Trade Policy, Political
JEL: F22 J61
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:csl:devewp:422&r=mig
13. The Impact of Syrian Refugees on Natives' Labor Market Outcomes in Turkey:
Evidence from a Quasi-Experimental Design
Evren Ceritoglu
Hatice Burcu Gurcihan Yunculer
Huzeyfe Torun
Semih Tumen
Civil conflict in Syria, started in March 2011, led to a massive wave of
forced immigration from the Northern Syria to the Southeastern regions of
Turkey, which later had serious economic/political repercussions on the MENA
region and most of the Europe. This paper exploits this natural experiment to
estimate the impact of Syrian refugees on the labor market outcomes of
natives in Turkey. Using a difference-in-differences strategy, we find that
immigration has somewhat affected the employment outcomes of natives, while
its impact on wage outcomes has been negligible. We document some employment
losses among informal workers as a consequence of refugee inflows. Formal
employment increased slightly potentially due to increased social services in
the region. The majority of those who lost their informal jobs have either
left the labor force or remained unemployed. Formal employment and
unemployment rates have increased, while labor force participation, informal
employment, and job finding rates have declined among natives. Disadvantaged
groups â i.e., women, younger workers, and less-educated workers â have
been
affected the most. The prevalence of informal employment in the Turkish labor
markets has amplified the negative impact of Syrian refugee inflows on
nativesâ labor market outcomes. Overall, the impact of Syrian refugee
inflows
on the Turkish labor markets has been limited, which suggests that the
potential costs on the European and other affected labor markets might also
be limited.
Keywords: Syrian civil conflict, Immigration, Turkey, Labor market,
Informality, Difference in differences
JEL: J15 J21 J46 J61 C21
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tcb:wpaper:1705&r=mig
14. The Labor Market Consequences of Refugee Supply Shocks
George J. Borjas (Harvard University)
Joan Monras (CEMFI, Centro de Estudios Monetarios y Financieros)
The continuing inflow of hundreds of thousands of refugees into many European
countries has ignited much political controversy and raised questions that
require a fuller understanding of the determinants and consequences of
refugee supply shocks. This paper revisits four historical refugee shocks to
document their labor market impact. Specifically, we examine: The influx of
Marielitos into Miami in 1980; the influx of French repatriates and Algerian
nationals into France at the end of the Algerian Independence War in 1962;
the influx of Jewish émigrés into Israel after the collapse of the Soviet
Union in the early 1990s; and the exodus of refugees from the former
Yugoslavia during the long series of Balkan wars between 1991 and 2001. We
use a common empirical approach, derived from factor demand theory, and
publicly available data to measure the impact of these shocks. Despite the
differences in the political forces that motivated the various flows, and in
economic conditions across receiving countries, the evidence reveals a common
thread that confirms key insights of the canonical model of a competitive
labor market: Exogenous supply shocks adversely affect the labor market
opportunities of competing natives in the receiving countries, and often have
a favorable impact on complementary workers. In short, refugee flows can have
large distributional consequences.
Keywords: Immigration, refugees, supply shocks, labor demand.
JEL: J2 J15
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cmf:wpaper:wp2016_1616&r=mig
15. Complex Factors Behind Misguided Policies in Socioeconomics: From Mass
Migration and Persistent Alienation to Rampant Crime and Economic Malaise
Kim, Steven
In a complex and chaotic world, people often gloss over the facts and jump to
conclusions. Unfortunately, the hasty approach usually yields deficient and
even harmful results. The domains affected range from migration and poverty
to alienation and crime. According to the Myth of Boon, for instance,
immigrants always benefit the host society. In this light, many people
envisage the great migrations of the 19th century from Europe to America.
However, the United States at that stage was itself a developing country;
moreover the Civil War showed that clashing cultures cannot co-exist.
Meanwhile the Myth of Multiculturalism asserts that a mashup of mores is
always desirable; but the reality is otherwise. When immigrants in their
millions pour into sparsely populated districts, they end up replicating the
cultures that caused them to flee their homelands in the first place. The
upshot is disruptive and distressing for all parties be they newcomers or
incumbents. In addition, the Myth of Virtue declares that migrants of all
backgrounds are equally upright. Yet comprehensive studies in Sweden have
shown that violent crimes can be traced to immigrants at rates which are at
least four times those for natives. From another angle, a drove of migrants
is a godsend for criminals. For instance, a terrorist ring struck in France
in 2015 and again in Belgium the following year. The perpetrators â who grew
up in Belgium, France and Sweden â displayed immigrant backgrounds and
included part of the cohort that traveled to the Mideast to receive training
from militants then returned to Europe by posing as refugees. Since
socioeconomic problems are intertwined rather than independent, a piecemeal
approach will not fill the bill. Instead, a coherent grasp of the issues and
their tie-ups is a prerequisite for devising a wholesome solution.
Keywords: Socioeconomics, Policy, Migration, Poverty, Alienation, Crime,
Society, Culture, Multiculturalism
JEL: A14 D10 E10 E66 F5 H1 I3 J1 K42 N3 N4 O1
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:76733&r=mig
16. Minimum Wages and Spatial Equilibrium: Theory and Evidence
Joan Monras (CEMFI, Centro de Estudios Monetarios y Financieros)
This paper introduces a spatial equilibrium model that relates earnings,
employment, and internal migration responses to minimum wage increases.
Population moves to or away from regions that increase minimum wages
depending on the labor demand elasticity and on the financing of unemployment
benefits. The empirical evidence shows that increases in minimum wages lead
to increases in average wages and decreases in employment among the
low-skilled. The labor demand elasticity is estimated to be above 1, in the
model a necessary condition for the migration responses observed in the data.
Low-skilled workers tend to leave the regions that increase minimum wages.
Keywords: Minimum wages, spatial equilibrium, internal migration.
JEL: J08 J23 J38 J61 R12
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cmf:wpaper:wp2016_1615&r=mig
17. Migration, Labor Tasks and Production Structure in Europe
Stefania Borelli (Sapienza University of Rome)
Giuseppe De Arcangelis (Sapienza University of Rome)
Majlinda Joxhe (CREA, Université du Luxembourg)
This paper assesses the effect of the immigration on the production structure
in a selection of European countries in 2001-2009 with a task-based approach.
The inflow of immigrants represents an increase in the relative supply of
manual-physical (or simple) tasks, hence favoring simple-task intensive
sectors. We use a new OECD dataset, PIAAC, to calculate the index of
simple-task intensity at the country-industry level. The analysis confirms
that the increase in migration stocks caused a positive impact on the value
added of sectors that use more intensively simple tasks. These effects are
more intense when considering countries as Italy and Spain characterized by a
recent, rapid and intense inflow of migrants. Endogeneity issues are
discussed and instruments based on a gravity approach are used in estimation.
Keywords: Rybczynski Effect, International Migration, PIAAC, Gravity
Equation
JEL: F22 C25
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:luc:wpaper:17-02&r=mig
18. Macroeconomic determinants of emigration from Kenya
Ombaire Birundu, William
The study examined the economic determinants of migration from Kenya to USA,
Canada, Australia, Germany and United Kingdom by applying a unilateral
migration gravity model during the period 2000-2015.The study applied the
Least Square Dummy Variable specification technique to estimate the gravity
model. The pull factors from Kenya were high inflation, exchange rate
appreciation, high population and a rise in Kenyan GDP per capita.In
considering the relative attractiveness of the destination countries in
increasing order the finding showed Australia, Canada, UK and Germany were
the prominent migration destinations. When emigration was considered overtime
there was generally a positive trend except for 2007.Finallythe findings
showed that if all the macroeconomic factors were held constant there will be
a significant decline in migration from Kenya thus we conclude that besides
other factors influencing migration, economic factors play a key role too.
Keywords: Emigration, Least Square Dummy Variable, Gravity Model, Kenya,
Macroeconomic factors
JEL: F22
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:77130&r=mig
ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
This nep-mig issue comes without any express or implied warranty. You may
contact the editor by reply to this mail.
General information on the NEP project can be found at http://nep.repec.org. ;
For comments please write to the director of NEP, Marco Novarese at < director
@ nep point repec point org >.
Use http://lists.repec.org/mailman/options/nep-mig to sign off.
