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Sent: Sunday, February 26, 2017 5:21 PM
Subject: [nep-mig] 2017-02-26, 18 papers
nep-mig 2017-02-26 papers
|
| nep-mig | New Economics Papers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2017‒02‒26
eighteen papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
http://econpapers.repec.org/pta90
| |
- How Immigrants Helped EU Labor Markets to Adjust during the Great
RecessionKahanec, Martin; Guzi, Martin
- The Impact of Migration on Child Labor: Theory and Evidence from
BrazilGenicot, Garance; Mayda, Anna Maria; Mendola, Mariapia
- Climate Change, Internal Migration and the Future Spatial Distribution of
Population: A Case Study of New ZealandMichael P. Cameron
- Family Size, Sibling Rivalry and Migration: Evidence from MexicoBratti,
Massimiliano; Fiore, Simona; Mendola, Mariapia
- Between Life Cycle Model, Labor Market Integration and Discrimination: An
Econometric Analysis of the Determinants of Return MigrationSchuß, Eric
- Do Migrant and Business Networks Promote International Royalty
Receipts?TOMOHARA Akinori
- High-skilled migration and agglomerationPekkala Kerr, Sari; Kerr, William;
Özden, Çağlar; Parsons, Christopher
- EU MobilityRitzen, Jo; Kahanec, Martin; Haas, Jasmina
- Migration settlement networks in the Carpathian Basin, 2001–2011Kincses,
Áron; Bálint, Lajos
- Labour market integration of immigrants - Evidence for the German guest
workersSmolny, Werner; Rieber, Alexander
- The ‘Paradox of Diversity’: Economic Evidence from US Cities
1980–2010Nazmun Ratna, R. Quentin Grafton, Hang To
- High-Skilled Immigration, STEM Employment, and Non-Routine-Biased
Technical ChangeNir Jaimovich; Henry E. Siu
- International Migration, Return Migration, and their Effects. A
Comprehensive Review on the Romanian CaseRemus Gabriel Anghel; Alina Botezat;
Anatolie Coșciug; Ioana Manafi; Monica Roman
- Understanding the Economic Impact of the H-1B Program on the U.S.John
Bound; Gaurav Khanna; Nicolas Morales
- The Economic Impact of East-West Migration on the European UnionMartin
Kahanec; Mariola Pytlikova
- The Effects of International Migration on Native Workers' Unionisation in
AustriaAntón, José-Ignacio; Böheim, René; Winter-Ebmer, Rudolf
- Microeconomic Impact of Remittances on Household Welfare: Evidences from
BangladeshWadood, Syed Naimul; Hossain, Md. Amzad
- The Macroeconomic Impact of Remittances: A Sending Country
PerspectiveBaas, Timo; Melzer, Silvia
- How Immigrants Helped EU Labor Markets to Adjust during the Great
Recession
| Date: | 2016-12 |
| By: | Kahanec, Martin (Central European University) ; Guzi, Martin
(Masaryk University) |
| The economic literature starting with Borjas (2001) suggests that
immigrants are more flexible than natives in responding to changing sectoral,
occupational, and spatial shortages in the labor market. In this paper, we
study the relative responsiveness to labor shortages by immigrants from various
origins, skills and tenure in the country vis-à-vis the natives, and how it
varied over the business cycle during the Great Recession. We show that
immigrants in general have responded to changing labor shortages across EU
member states, occupations and sectors more fluidly than natives. This effect
is especially significant for low-skilled immigrants from the new member states
or with the medium number of years since immigration, as well as with
high-skilled immigrants with relatively few (1-5) or many (11+) years since
migration. The relative responsiveness of some immigrant groups declined during
the crisis years (those from Europe outside the EU or with eleven or more years
since migration), whereas other groups of immigrants became particularly fluid
during the Great Recession, such as those from new member states. Our results
suggest immigrants may play an important role in labor adjustment during times
of asymmetric economic shocks, and support the case for well-designed
immigration policy and free movement of workers within the EU. Paper provides
new insights into the functioning of the European Single Market and the roles
various immigrant groups play for its stabilization through labor adjustment
during times of uneven economic development across sectors, occupations, and
countries. |
| Keywords: | immigrant worker, labor supply, skilled migration, labor
shortage, wage regression, Great Recession |
| JEL: | J24 J61 J68 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10443&r=mig ;|
- The Impact of Migration on Child Labor: Theory and Evidence from Brazil
| Date: | 2016-12 |
| By: | Genicot, Garance (Georgetown University) ; Mayda, Anna Maria
(Georgetown University) ; Mendola, Mariapia (University of Milan Bicocca) |
| This paper investigates the impact of internal migration on child labor
outcomes in Brazil. We develop a theoretical model and evaluate it on children
aged 10 to 14 using two decades of Census data. In our model, migration impacts
child labor through changes in the local labor market, which is made up of both
adults and children. Thus we complement the individual-level child-labor
analysis with an empirical study of the labor-market impact of internal
migration within Brazil. We exploit variation in the concentration of both
skilled and unskilled immigrants at the municipality level and employ an
instrumental variable strategy that relies on the historical (1980)
distribution of immigrants within the country. Our results show that internal
migration of a given skill level has a negative impact on corresponding adults'
labor market outcomes. We also find that unskilled (skilled) immigration has a
negative (positive) and significant impact on child labor. Finally, unskilled
immigration increases children school attendance and decreases their likelihood
of being idle. |
| Keywords: | child labor, migration |
| JEL: | F22 J61 O12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10444&r=mig ;|
- Climate Change, Internal Migration and the Future Spatial Distribution of
Population: A Case Study of New Zealand
| Date: | 2017-02-21 |
| By: | Michael P. Cameron (University of Waikato) |
| This paper evaluates the impact of climate change on the future spatial
distribution of population in New Zealand, with a focus on the effects of
climate variables on internal migration dynamics. Specifically, a gravity
modelling framework is first used to identify climate variables that have
statistically significant associations with internal migration. The gravity
model is then embedded within a cohort-component population projection model to
evaluate the effect of different climate change scenarios on regional
populations. Three climate variables are found to have statistically
significant associations with internal migration: (1) mean sea level pressure
in the destination; (2) surface radiation in the origin; and (3) wind speed at
ten metres at the destination. Including these variables in the population
projection model makes a small difference to the regional population
distribution, and the difference between different climate scenarios is
negligible. Overall, the results suggest that, while statistically significant,
climate change will have a negligible effect on the population distribution of
New Zealand at the regional level. |
| Keywords: | climate change; internal migration; gravity model; New
Zealand |
| JEL: | J11 Q54 R23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wai:econwp:17/03&r=mig ;|
- Family Size, Sibling Rivalry and Migration: Evidence from Mexico
| Date: | 2016-12 |
| By: | Bratti, Massimiliano (University of Milan) ; Fiore, Simona
(University of Bologna) ; Mendola, Mariapia (University of Milan Bicocca) |
| This paper examines the causal effects of family size and demographic
structure on offspring's international migration. We use rich survey data from
Mexico to estimate the impact of sibship size, birth order and sibling
composition on teenagers' and young adults' migration outcomes. We find no
empirical support for the hypothesis that high fertility drives migration. The
positive correlation between sibship size and migration disappears when
endogeneity of family size is addressed using biological fertility
(miscarriages) and infertility shocks. Yet, the chances to migrate are not
equally distributed across children within the family. Older siblings,
especially firstborn males, are more likely to migrate, while having more
sisters than brothers may increase the chances of migration, particularly among
girls. |
| Keywords: | international migration, Mexico, family size, birth
order, sibling rivalry |
| JEL: | J13 F22 O15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10462&r=mig ;|
- Between Life Cycle Model, Labor Market Integration and Discrimination: An
Econometric Analysis of the Determinants of Return Migration
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Schuß, Eric |
| This paper studies the determinants of return migration by applying the
Cox hazard model to longitudinal micro data from 1996 to 2012, including
immigrants of a wide range of nationalities. The empirical results reveal the
validity of the life cycle model of Migration Economics and a strong return
probability decreasing effect of labor market integration and societal
integration. Modeling non-proportional effects of qualification and obtaining
social benefits supports the human capital thesis and supplies new insights
with regard to the supranational European labor market and to development
policy. At the beginning of residence highly qualified immigrants as well as
immigrants obtaining social benefits display a rather high hazard ratio that,
however, decreases each additional year of residence afterwards. Via survivor
functions further remarkable results about adverse selection effects and about
the interaction between qualification and labor market integration can be
found. Finally the paper derives important policy implications from the
empirical analysis. |
| JEL: | C41 J61 O15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145538&r=mig ;|
- Do Migrant and Business Networks Promote International Royalty Receipts?
| Date: | 2017-01 |
| By: | TOMOHARA Akinori |
| This study examines how migration and business networks affect trade on
intellectual property using bilateral data on Japan (or the United States) and
the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member
countries. The analyses are distinct in that they examine network effects
comprehensively by combining previous works on tangible trade-migration
relationships, together with the literature on trade-foreign direct investment
(FDI) relationships. We show that intellectual property exports are positively
related with the number of immigrants residing in Japan (or the United States).
However, other network effects, specifically business networks, are not
necessarily universal because two forces, i.e., network effects and trade-FDI
interactions, could operate in opposite directions. We conclude that positive
immigration network effects occur, but emigration and business network effects
could vary depending on the development stages of intellectual property trade. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:eti:dpaper:17006&r=mig ;|
- High-skilled migration and agglomeration
| Date: | 2017-02-13 |
| By: | Pekkala Kerr, Sari ; Kerr, William ; Özden, Çağlar ; Parsons,
Christopher |
| This paper reviews recent research regarding high-skilled migration. We
adopt a data-driven perspective, bringing together and describing several
ongoing research streams that range from the construction of global migration
databases, to the legal codification of national policies regarding
high-skilled migration, to the analysis of patent data regarding cross-border
inventor movements. A common theme throughout this research is the importance
of agglomeration economies for explaining high-skilled migration. We highlight
some key recent findings and outline major gaps that we hope will be tackled in
the near future. |
| JEL: | F15 F22 J15 J31 J44 L14 L26 O31 O32 O33 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:bof:bofrdp:2017_007&r=mig ;|
- EU Mobility
| Date: | 2017-02 |
| By: | Ritzen, Jo (IZA and Maastricht University) ; Kahanec, Martin
(Central European University) ; Haas, Jasmina (Maastricht University) |
| The free movement of people and of workers (intra EU mobility) is one
of the corner-stones of the EU. It has overwhelmingly benefitted the citizens
of the EU member states both in the countries of work and in the countries of
origin. Earlier apprehensions on crowding out of less educated workers in the
countries of destination and on welfare migration turned out to be by and large
refuted. At the same time, EU mobility policies still need a significant
deepening and upgrading, to deal with special cases of crowding out in
subsectors and with fraudulent contracts. Full integration of some groups of
mobile EU workers is difficult because of linguistic and cultural barriers.
There is a new challenge for EU policy: integration of circular mobile
migrants. EU countries should be guided by the EU to cut red tape and harmonize
administration. |
| Keywords: | EU enlargement, free movement of workers, labor
mobility, migration policy, European Single Market, labor adjustment,
stabilization, vibrant Europe |
| JEL: | J15 J61 J68 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izapps:pp125&r=mig ;|
- Migration settlement networks in the Carpathian Basin, 2001–2011
| Date: | 2017-02 |
| By: | Kincses, Áron ; Bálint, Lajos |
| Looking at the relationship between the place of birth and current
residential locations of foreign citizens arriving in Hungary from the
neighbouring countries, in general, we establish that smaller migration
distance involves migrants with a lower level of education, while preference
for longer distances is determined by higher qualifications of migrants. The
potential impact area of migrants grows in line with the education attainments
of migrants. A scale-free settlement topology can be seen from the neighbouring
countries of immigration to Hungary. This means that most of the settlements of
Hungary have just a few links to settlements of neighbouring countries, from a
migration point of view, while few Hungarian settlements have many connections.
This finding also means that, instead of the national migration strategy, the
subsidiary and the regional strategies can play a decisive role in the
management of the international migration process |
| Keywords: | international migration Carpathian Basin network
analysis |
| JEL: | F50 J61 R12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:76852&r=mig ;|
- Labour market integration of immigrants - Evidence for the German guest
workers
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Smolny, Werner ; Rieber, Alexander |
| During the 1960s and 1970s a large number of immigrants came to Germany
as temporary labour migrants. Many of them remained, captured their family and
their children entered the labour market since the eighties. Our paper analyses
their labour market experience in terms of employment, unemployment and
earnings. The recruitment stop induced by the first oil crisis in 1973 allows
us to distinguish guest workers, on the one hand, and family members, on the
other hand, in a natural experiment setting. The results reveal enormous
differences between the groups. Guest workers who came until 1973 differ
markedly from those migrants who came later as family members, especially in
terms of unemployment. These differences are more pronounced for women than for
men. The descendants of the European guest workers are very well integrated
into the German labour market which points towards positive long-run effects of
the guest worker policy measure. However, the migrants stemming from a
different ethnic background face much more difficulties in terms of labour
market integration. |
| JEL: | J15 J21 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145629&r=mig ;|
- The ‘Paradox of Diversity’: Economic Evidence from US Cities
1980–2010
| Date: | 2017-02-16 |
| By: | Nazmun Ratna, R. Quentin Grafton, Hang To |
| We evaluate the economic significance of linguistic barriers to
communication in 226 US cities from 1980 to 2010. We address the question: to
what extent do linguistic barriers across social groups inhibit the benefits of
knowledge exchange? The empirical results show that linguistic, racial and
composite diversity increase the average income of working age population in
American cities. This positive effect of diversity, however, diminishes the
higher is the proportion of foreign-born population who lack English fluency.
We call this the ‘paradox of diversity’. Overall, our findings provide
important policy insights about how social diversity may enhance economic
performance within cities. |
| Keywords: | diversity, economic performance, wages, cities,
immigrants |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:een:appswp:201702&r=mig ;|
- High-Skilled Immigration, STEM Employment, and Non-Routine-Biased
Technical Change
| Date: | 2017-02 |
| By: | Nir Jaimovich ; Henry E. Siu |
| We study the role of foreign-born workers in the growth of employment
in STEM occupations since 1980. Given the importance of employment in these
fields for research and innovation, we consider their role in a model featuring
endogenous non-routine-biased technical change. We use this model to quantify
the impact of high-skilled immigration, and the increasing tendency of such
immigrants to work in innovation, on the pace of non-routine-biased technical
change, the polarization of employment opportunities, and the evolution of wage
inequality since 1980. |
| JEL: | E0 J0 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23185&r=mig ;|
- International Migration, Return Migration, and their Effects. A
Comprehensive Review on the Romanian Case
| Date: | 2017-02-16 |
| By: | Remus Gabriel Anghel ; Alina Botezat ; Anatolie Coșciug ;
Ioana Manafi ; Monica Roman |
| Romanian migration is today one of the largest, complex, and dynamic
migration to Western Europe. This paper is a comprehensive review of the
existing literature that aims at providing a full picture of this dynamic
migratory process and discussing its far-reaching consequences. It first
presents and characterizes the Romanian migration through the different phases
during and after state socialism. The second part of the paper is dedicated to
unfolding the socio-economic effects of the Romanian migration addressing the
remitting behavior and its development over the past years. The issue of return
migration is also addressed stressing that return is not much developed,
however it has significant impacts through the emergence of returnees’
entrepreneurship. Finally we address some of the consequences of the medical
doctors’ migration which is today considered one of the main migration
challenges the country is facing. |
| Keywords: | Romania, international migration, remittances, return
migration, physicians migration |
| JEL: | F22 F24 J15 P36 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cel:dpaper:43&r=mig ;|
- Understanding the Economic Impact of the H-1B Program on the U.S.
| Date: | 2017-02 |
| By: | John Bound ; Gaurav Khanna ; Nicolas Morales |
| Over the 1990s, the share of foreigners entering the US high-skill
workforce grew rapidly. This migration potentially had a significant effect on
US workers, consumers and firms. To study these effects, we construct a general
equilibrium model of the US economy and calibrate it using data from 1994 to
2001. Built into the model are positive effects high skilled immigrants have on
innovation. Counterfactual simulations based on our model suggest that
immigration increased the overall welfare of US natives, and had significant
distributional consequences. In the absence of immigration, wages for US
computer scientists would have been 2.6% to 5.1% higher and employment in
computer science for US workers would have been 6.1% to 10.8% higher in 2001.
On the other hand, complements in production benefited substantially from
immigration, and immigration also lowered prices and raised the output of IT
goods by between 1.9% and 2.5%, thus benefiting consumers. Finally, firms in
the IT sector also earned substantially higher profits due to immigration. |
| JEL: | J23 J24 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23153&r=mig ;|
- The Economic Impact of East-West Migration on the European Union
| Date: | 2017-02-16 |
| By: | Martin Kahanec ; Mariola Pytlikova |
| This study contributes to the literature on destination-country
consequences of international migration with investigations on the effects of
immigration from new EU member states and Eastern Partnership countries on the
economies of old EU member states over the years 1995-2010. Using a rich
international migration dataset and an empirical model accounting for the
endogeneity of migration flows we find positive and significant effects of
post-enlargement migration flows from new EU member states on old member
states’ GDP, GDP per capita, and employment rate and a negative effect on
output per worker. We also find small, but statistically significant negative
effects of migration from Eastern Partnership countries on receiving countries’
GDP, GDP per capita, employment rate, and capital stock, but a positive
significant effect on capital-to-labor ratio. These results mark an economic
success of the EU enlargements and EU’s free movement of workers. |
| Keywords: | EU enlargement, free mobility of workers, migration
impacts, European Single Market, east-west migration, Eastern Partnership |
| JEL: | J15 J61 J68 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cel:dpaper:42&r=mig ;|
- The Effects of International Migration on Native Workers' Unionisation in
Austria
| Date: | 2016-12 |
| By: | Antón, José-Ignacio (University of Linz) ; Böheim, René
(University of Linz) ; Winter-Ebmer, Rudolf (University of Linz) |
| We analyze the effects of increased immigration of foreign workers on
the unionisation rates of native workers in Austrian firms over the period
2002–2012. Our results suggest that lower union density of natives' in firms
with more foreign workers is driven not by natives leaving unions, but by the
different composition of turnover depending on the share of foreigners in the
firm. |
| Keywords: | migration, unions, turnover, hiring |
| JEL: | J51 J61 J63 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10446&r=mig ;|
- Microeconomic Impact of Remittances on Household Welfare: Evidences from
Bangladesh
| Date: | 2016-02 |
| By: | Wadood, Syed Naimul ; Hossain, Md. Amzad |
| This paper investigates the impact of both international and domestic
remittances and migration on household welfare in Bangladesh. We employ a
number of variables such as different types of poverty measures, household
consumption expenditure, expenditures on health and education etc. to define
household welfare. We use the Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2010 to
estimate the impact of remittances on household welfare. To address the issue
of self-selection, we have used the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) technique.
The results reveal that although both internal and external remittances have
significant impact on reducing poverty and increasing consumption expenditure,
the degree of impact is much higher for external remittances compared to
internal remittances. However we find no impact of remittance on household
expenditure on education and healthcare. |
| Keywords: | remittances, migration, Bangladesh, propensity score
matching |
| JEL: | I3 I31 J01 J08 J6 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:76956&r=mig ;|
- The Macroeconomic Impact of Remittances: A Sending Country Perspective
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Baas, Timo ; Melzer, Silvia |
| Remittances are for a large number of developing countries the most
important source of foreign funding. Destination countries of migration,
however, fear a outflow of financial funds. Using data for Germany, we analyze
the impact of remittances and migration on one of the major sending countries
of remittances and the third biggest exporter in the world. For this purpose,
we develop a dynamic open-economy general equilibrium model with altruistic
households. By estimating the interrelation between household characteristics
and remittances, we are able to derive altruism coefficients for different
types of households. Households with a higher altruism coefficient derive
higher utility from consumption by distant relatives and send more remittances.
We endogenize remittances flows by applying these coefficients to our model.
Remittance outflows have then a depreciating effect on the real exchange rate
and provide incentives to reallocate resources from the non-tradable goods to
the tradable goods sectors. In the case of Germany, this translates into a
opposite Dutch disease phenomenon. |
| JEL: | F22 F24 D58 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145631&r=mig ;|
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