----- Forwarded Message -----
From: Yuji Tamura <ernad@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
To: nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Sent: Sunday, February 19, 2017 4:53 PM
Subject: [nep-mig] 2017-02-19, 18 papers
nep-mig 2017-02-19 papers
|
| nep-mig | New EconomicsPapers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2017‒02‒19
eighteen papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
http://econpapers.repec.org/pta90
| |
- Keepin' 'em Down on the Farm:Migration and Strategic Investment in
Children's SchoolingRobertJensen; Nolan H. Miller
- How Does Internal Migration Affectthe Emotional Health of Elderly Parents
Left-Behind?Scheffel,Juliane; Zhang, Yiwei
- Native-Migrant Differences inTrading Off Wages and Workplace
SafetyD’Ambrosio, Anna;Leombruni, Roberto; Razzolini, Tiziano
- Persistent OccupationalHierarchies among Immigrant Worker Groups in the
United States LaborMarketPostepska, Agnieszka; Vella, Francis
- The cost of remotenessrevisitedFranke, Richard
- The effect of land inheritance onyouth employment and migration decisions:
Evidence from ruralEthiopia:Kosec, Katrina; Ghebru, Hosaena; Holtemeyer,
Brian;Mueller, Valerie; Schmidt, Emily
- International Migration andRegional Housing Markets: Evidence from
FranceD'Albis,Hippolyte; Boubtane, Ekrame; Coulibaly, Dramane
- Immigrant Labor Market Integrationacross Admission ClassesBratsberg,
Bernt; Raaum, Oddbjørn;Røed, Knut
- The Performance of Immigrants inthe German Labor MarketRobert C.M. Beyer
- China’s rural – urbanmigration: Who gains, who loses?Stober,
EmmanuelOlusegun
- Migration, communities-on-the-moveand international innovation networks:
An empirical analysis of SpanishregionsD'Ambrosio, Anna; Montresor, Sandro;
Parrilli, MarioDavide; Quatraro, Francesco
- Migration within the EU:investigating the role of education, income
differences and culturalbarriersDamiaan Persyn
- Immigration and the Rise ofAmerican IngenuityUfuk Akcigit; John Grigsby;
TomNicholas
- Openness to Concerns of HostCountry Population Improves Attitudes Towards
ImmigrantsStöhr,Tobias; Wichardt, Philipp C.
- Differences in welfare take-upbetween immigrants and nativesBruckmeier,
Kerstin; Wiemers,Jürgen
- Immigration Restrictions as ActiveLabor Market Policy: Evidence from the
Mexican BraceroExclusionMichael A. Clemens; Ethan G. Lewis; Hannah M.Postel
- Migration in Kenya: beyondHarris-TodaroOyvat, Cem; wa Gĩthĩnji, Mwangi
- Migration, Unemployment and theBusiness Cycle - A Euro Area
PerspectiveClemens,Marius
- Keepin' 'em Downon the Farm: Migration and Strategic Investment in
Children'sSchooling
| Date: | 2017-02 |
| By: | Robert Jensen ; NolanH. Miller |
| In rural areas of most developing countries,intergenerational
coresidence is both widespread and an important determinant ofwell-being for
the elderly. Most parents want at least one adult child to remainat home (e.g.,
so they can work on the family farm or provide care andassistance around the
house). However, children themselves may prefer to migratewhen they grow up,
and parents cannot directly prevent them from doing so. Wepresent a model where
parents may strategically limit investments in somechildren's education so that
they will not find it optimal to migrate when theyreach maturity, and will thus
voluntarily choose to remain home. We provideevidence for the model’s
predictions using an intervention that providedrecruiting services for the
business process outsourcing industry in randomlyselected rural Indian
villages. Because awareness of these high-paying, higheducation, urban jobs was
limited at baseline, the intervention increased theattractiveness of migration
for educated children. Consistent with the model, inresponse to the treatment
we find declines in school enrollment among childrenthat parents reported
wanting to remain home at baseline. Children that parentswant to migrate have
increased enrollment, and parents want more children tomigrate. |
| JEL: | D1 I21 J14 O12 O15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23122&r=mig ;|
- How Does InternalMigration Affect the Emotional Health of Elderly
ParentsLeft-Behind?
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Scheffel, Juliane ; Zhang,Yiwei |
| The ageing population resulting from the one-child policyand the
massive internal migration in China pose major challenges to elderlycare in
rural areas where elderly support is based on a traditionalinter-generational
family support mechanism. We use data from the first twowaves of the China
Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study to examine howmigration of an adult
child affects the emotional health of elderly parentsleft-behind. We identify
the effects by applying fixed-effects and instrumentalvariable regressions
which both identify the effect based on different sourcesof variation. We find
that migration significantly reduces overalllife-satisfaction by 8.8 percent
and leads to an 8.7 (12 percent) percent higherprobability of suffering from
depressive symptoms (loneliness). Emotional healthoutcomes drastically
deteriorate with reduced emotional support. In contrast toother developing
countries, remittances cannot buffer the negative effects ofemotional health.
As emotional health is a key determinant of the overall healthstatus, our
findings have significant impacts for rural areas. |
| JEL: | I15 J14 O15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145663&r=mig ;|
- Native-MigrantDifferences in Trading Off Wages and WorkplaceSafety
| Date: | 2017-01 |
| By: | D’Ambrosio, Anna (University of Turin) ; Leombruni, Roberto
(University of Turin) ; Razzolini, Tiziano (University of Siena) |
| Applying propensity score reweighting to Italianadministrative data
covering the period 1994-2012, we study the conditionaldistributions of
injuries by wage of native and foreign workers and distinguishbetween the
component that is explained by observable characteristics and thecomponent that
is instead attributable to the immigrant status. Our analyseshighlight some
stylized facts. Besides a substantial gap in wage and injury riskthat cannot be
attributed to differences in the characteristics, foreign workersface higher
levels of risk by the same level of wages. The gap is significantlyabove the
level predicted by their observable characteristics by remunerationsthat are
close to the minimum wage level set by collective bargaining. Afterthis
threshold, injury rates decline, but less steeply for foreign workers thantheir
observable characteristics would predict. We show that the hedonic wagemodel
could explain the first result as a corner solution whereby workers withlow
wage potential are forced to accept higher levels of risk due to the
lowerbounds on minimum wage. The second results could simply be explained by
assumingdifferent utility functions for natives and foreigners. We also show
that thehedonic wage model is compatible with the marked reduction in injury
rates andin the gap that we observe in the recession years. |
| Keywords: | occupational injuries, propensity score reweighting,
wage gap,foreign workers, Di Nardo-Fortin-Lemieux decomposition |
| JEL: | J28J70 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10523&r=mig ;|
- PersistentOccupational Hierarchies among Immigrant Worker Groups in the
United StatesLabor Market
| Date: | 2017-01 |
| By: | Postepska, Agnieszka (Georgetown University) ; Vella,Francis
(Georgetown University) |
| This paper examines the phenomenon of occupationalhierarchies among
immigrant labor groups in the United States. Using census datafor 1940-2011 we
document the persistent ranking of immigrant labor groups inmajor metropolitan
areas reflected by their position in the empiricaldistribution of occupations
based on the corresponding Duncan SocioeconomicIndex values. Having established
the existence and persistence of thesehierarchies across regions and time we
estimate a structural model of theallocation of immigrant labor to the
occupational distribution on the basis ofemployers' perception of their
perceived productivity. The model estimatessuggest that while human capital
characteristics are relevant determinants oflocation in the occupational
distribution the key factor, and the cause ofpersistence, is the presence of
immigrant networks in regional labormarkets. |
| Keywords: | occupationalhierarchies, immigrant networks, empirical
distribution ofoccupations |
| JEL: | J24 J61 J62 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10514&r=mig ;|
- The cost ofremoteness revisited
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Franke, Richard |
| Redding and Sturm (2008) use the German division as anatural experiment
to study the importance of market access for regionaldevelopment. They show
empirically that cities close to the East-West Germanborder experienced a
significant decline in population growth due to division. Iargue that their
results are driven by the internal migration of refugees in the1950s rather
than the loss of market access. In fact, the treatment effectestimated by
Redding and Sturm (2008) disappears completely once the refugeeshare in 1950
and boundary changes of sample cities are taken intoaccount. |
| Keywords: | Market Access,Regional Growth,InternalMigration |
| JEL: | F15 N94 R12 R23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:ifwkwp:2070&r=mig ;|
- The effect of landinheritance on youth employment and migration decisions:
Evidence from ruralEthiopia:
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Kosec, Katrina ; Ghebru,Hosaena ; Holtemeyer, Brian ; Mueller,
Valerie ; Schmidt,Emily |
| How does the amount of land youth expect to inherit affecttheir
migration and employment decisions? This paper explores this question inthe
context of rural Ethiopia using panel data from 2010 and 2014. We estimate
ahousehold fixed-effects model and exploit exogenous variation in the timing
ofland redistributions to overcome endogenous household decisions about how
muchland to bequeath to descendants. We find that larger expected land
inheritancessignificantly lower the likelihood of long-distance permanent
migration and ofpermanent migration to urban areas during this time. Inheriting
more land isalso associated with a significantly higher likelihood of
employment inagriculture and a lower likelihood of employment in the
nonagricultural sector.Conversely, the decision to attend school is unaffected.
These results appear tobe most heavily driven by males and by the older half of
our youth sample. Wealso find several mediating factors matter. Land
inheritance plays a much morepronounced role in predicting rural-to-urban
permanent migration andnonagricultural-sector employment in areas with less
vibrant land markets and inrelatively remote areas (those far from major urban
centers). Overall, theresults suggest that inheritance strongly influences the
spatial location andstrategic employment decisions of youth. |
| Keywords: | agriculture, employment, youth, migration, |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:ifprid:1594&r=mig ;|
- InternationalMigration and Regional Housing Markets: Evidence fromFrance
| Date: | 2017-01 |
| By: | D'Albis, Hippolyte (University of Toulouse I) ; Boubtane,
Ekrame (CERDI, University of Auvergne) ; Coulibaly, Dramane (CEPII, Paris) |
| This article examines the causal relations betweennon-European
immigration and the characteristics of the housing market in hostregions. We
constructed a unique database from administrative records and usedit to assess
annual migration flows into France's 22 administrative regions from1990 to
2013. We then estimated various panel VAR models, taking into accountGDP per
capita and the unemployment rate as the main regional economicindicators. We
find that immigration has no significant effect on propertyprices, but that
higher property prices significantly reduce immigration rates.We also find no
significant relationship between immigration and social housingsupply. |
| Keywords: | immigration, property prices, social housing,panel VAR |
| JEL: | E20 F22 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10516&r=mig ;|
- Immigrant LaborMarket Integration across Admission Classes
| Date: | 2017-01 |
| By: | Bratsberg, Bernt (Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research)
; Raaum,Oddbjørn (Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research) ; Røed,Knut
(Ragnar Frisch Centre for Economic Research) |
| We examine patterns of labor market integration acrossimmigrant groups.
The study draws on Norwegian longitudinal administrative datacovering labor
earnings and social insurance claims over a 25‐year period andpresents a
comprehensive picture of immigrant‐native employment and socialinsurance
differentials by admission class and by years since entry. Forrefugees and
family immigrants from low‐income source countries, we uncoverencouraging signs
of labor market integration during an initial period uponadmission, but after
just 5‐10 years, the integration process goes intoreverse with widening
immigrant-native employment differentials and rising ratesof immigrant social
insurance dependency. Yet, the analysis reveals substantialheterogeneity within
admission class and points to an important role ofhost‐country schooling for
successful immigrant labor marketintegration. |
| Keywords: | migration, refugees, assimilation, socialinsurance |
| JEL: | F22 H55 J22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp10513&r=mig ;|
- The Performance ofImmigrants in the German Labor Market
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Robert C.M. Beyer |
| This paper uses a large survey (SOEP) to update and deepenour knowledge
about the labor market performance of immigrants in Germany. Itdocuments that
immigrant workers initially earn on average 20 percent less thannative workers
with otherwise identical characteristics. The gap is smaller forimmigrants from
advanced countries, with good German language skills, and with aGerman degree,
and larger for others. The gap declines gradually over time butat a decreasing
rate and much stronger for more recent cohorts. Less success inobtaining jobs
with higher occupational autonomy explains half of the wage gap.Immigrants are
initially less likely to participate in the labor market and morelikely to be
unemployed. While participation fully converges after 20 years,immigrants
always remain more likely to be unemployed than the native laborforce. |
| Keywords: | migration, Germany, labor market,wages, unemployment,
participation |
| JEL: | E24 F22 J15 J22 J31 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwsop:diw_sp892&r=mig ;|
- China’s rural– urban migration: Who gains, who loses?
| Date: | 2016-11 |
| By: | Stober, Emmanuel Olusegun |
| There is a price to pay for any and every country todevelop. This price
can be said to have been duly paid by migrant workers inChina. The benefit of
such price is the stamping out of extreme poverty by 94%from 1990 – 2015. This
study is embodied by the Lewis Structural Change Modeland looks at China’s
population control programs – the restriction oninternal labor mobility, its
income inequality implication and economydevelopment. The research reveals how
the sacrifices of the migrant workerspayoff in reforming the economic
conditions in the rural areas; this points tothe reasons why the rural income
and development are highly dependent on migrantremittance and why China’s
economy development would not have been possiblewithout labor migration. |
| Keywords: | China; Internalmigration; Migrant workers; Remittance;
Wages discrimination |
| JEL: | F24 J61 J8 O15 R23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:76827&r=mig ;|
- Migration,communities-on-the-move and international innovation networks:
An empiricalanalysis of Spanish regions
| Date: | 2017-01 |
| By: | D'Ambrosio, Anna ; Montresor, Sandro ; Parrilli, Mario Davide
; Quatraro, Francesco (University of Turin) |
| This paper investigates the impact of migration oninnovation networks
between regions and foreign countries. We posit thatimmigrants (emigrants) act
as a transnational knowledge bridge between the host(home) regions and their
origin (destination) countries, reinforcing theirnetworking in innovation and
facilitating their co-inventorship. We argue thatthe social capital of both the
hosting and the moving communities reinforcessuch a bridging role, along with
the already recognised effect of languagecommonality and migrants’ human
capital. By combining patent data withnational data on residents and electors
abroad, we apply a gravity model to theco-inventorship between Spanish
provinces (NUTS3 regions) and a number offoreign countries, in different
periods of the last decade. Both immigrants andemigrants are found to affect
this kind of innovation networking. The socialcapital of both the moving and
the hosting communities actually moderate thisimpact in a positive way. The
effect of migration is stronger for more skilledmigrants and with respect to
non-Spanish speaking countries, pointing to alanguage-bridging role of
migrants. Overall, individual and community aspectscombine in accounting for
the impact of migration on international innovationnetworks. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uto:dipeco:201701&r=mig ;|
- Migration withinthe EU: investigating the role of education, income
differences and culturalbarriers
| Date: | 2017-02 |
| By: | Damiaan Persyn (European Commission – JRC) |
| There exist marked differences in the educational attainmentof
immigrants, depending on both the level and distribution of income in
thecountry of origin and destination. This paper estimates an
education-specificgravity equation for migration between European countries.
Given the lack ofdata on migration flows by level of education, these are
proxied by thedifference in resident migrants by nationality and level of
education, betweenthe years 2000 and 1990. I find that highly educated
individuals are more likelyto migrate. They are less sensitive to geographical
and cultural distance asbarriers to migration, but are not unambiguously more
responsive to wagedifferentials. Controlling for education-specific wage
differences betweenorigin and destination removes only part of the observed
differences inmigration behaviour between education groups. |
| Keywords: | International migration, Random utility model,Education |
| JEL: | F22 J61 O15 C25 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ipt:iptwpa:jrc104494&r=mig ;|
- Immigration andthe Rise of American Ingenuity
| Date: | 2017-02 |
| By: | Ufuk Akcigit ; JohnGrigsby ; Tom Nicholas |
| This paper builds on the analysis in Akcigit, Grigsby, andNicholas
(2017) by using U.S. patent and Census data to examine macro andmicro-level
aspects of the relationship between immigration and innovation. Weconstruct a
measure of "foreign born expertise" and show that technology areaswhere
immigrant inventors were prevalent between 1880 and 1940 experienced
morepatenting and citations between 1940 and 2000. We also show that
immigrantinventors were more productive during their life cycle than native
borninventors, although they received significantly lower levels of labor
incomethan their native born counterparts. Overall, the contribution of foreign
borninventors to US innovation was substantial, but we also find evidence of
animmigrant inventor wage-gap that cannot be explained by differentials
inproductivity. |
| JEL: | N11 N12 O31 O40 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23137&r=mig ;|
- Openness toConcerns of Host Country Population Improves Attitudes
TowardsImmigrants
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Stöhr, Tobias ; Wichardt, Philipp C. |
| This paper reports results from a randomized questionnairestudy among
German citizens regarding their attitudes towards Syrian refugees.Being shown a
picture of an alleged Syrian refugee the description of whom wasvaried,
respondents were asked to indicate their attitude towards that person invarious
domains on a 6-point Likert-scale. Among other things, the data showthat people
who are more risk averse are also less sympathetic, empathic,trusting. However,
once the refugee is described as being open towards concernsin the German
population -- regarding cultural change, arising costs andincreasing violence
-- reported levels of liking and trust increasesubstantially, especially for
risk averse people. Moreover, we find that havingclose non-German friends or
relatives increases the willingness to interact withimmigrants. Thus, the data
emphasize two aspects: (1) the importance of beingopen for the concerns of the
local population for them to be open minded,i.e.~sympathetic and trusting, and
(2) the relevance of personal experience forthe willingness to interact.
Finally, we find that overall women are moreempathic but less trusting and more
hesitant regarding actualinteraction. |
| JEL: | F22 Z10 Z12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145574&r=mig ;|
- Differences inwelfare take-up between immigrants and natives
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Bruckmeier, Kerstin ; Wiemers, Jürgen |
| Research on welfare participation often shows significantdifferences
between immigrants and natives that are often attributed toimmigrants’ higher
risk of welfare dependence. We study whether immigrants inGermany also differ
from their German counterparts in their take-up behaviorconditional on being
eligible for welfare benefits. The empirical approachintends (i) to determine
eligibility for welfare benefits for a representativesample of the whole
population of Germany using a microsimulation model(IAB-STSM) based on data
from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) and then(ii) to estimate probit
models of observed welfare benefit take-up for thesample of eligible
households. Our simulation results show that non take-uprates do not differ
significantly between several groups of immigrants andnatives. Additionally,
the probit estimations do not reveal a significant effectof being a migrant on
the probability to take up entitlements. Hence, ourfindings suggest that after
controlling for observed and unobserved householdcharacteristics immigrants are
not more prone to take up welfarebenefits. |
| JEL: | I38 H31 C15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145828&r=mig ;|
- ImmigrationRestrictions as Active Labor Market Policy: Evidence from the
Mexican BraceroExclusion
| Date: | 2017-02 |
| By: | Michael A. Clemens ; Ethan G.Lewis ; Hannah M. Postel |
| An important class of active labor market policy hasreceived little
rigorous impact evaluation: immigration barriers intended toimprove the terms
of employment for domestic workers by deliberately shrinkingthe workforce.
Recent advances in the theory of endogenous technical changesuggest that such
policies could have limited or even perverse labor-marketeffects, but empirical
tests are scarce. We study a natural experiment thatexcluded almost half a
million Mexican ‘bracero’ seasonal agriculturalworkers from the United States,
with the stated goal of raising wages andemployment for domestic farm workers.
We build a simple model to clarify how thelabor-market effects of bracero
exclusion depend on assumptions about productiontechnology, and test it by
collecting novel archival data on the bracero programthat allow us to measure
state-level exposure to exclusion for the first time.We cannot reject the
hypothesis that bracero exclusion had no effect on U.S.agricultural wages or
employment, and find that important mechanisms for thisresult include both
adoption of less labor-intensive technologies and shifts incrop mix. |
| JEL: | F22 J08 J38 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23125&r=mig ;|
- Migration inKenya: beyond Harris-Todaro
| Date: | 2017-01-25 |
| By: | Oyvat, Cem ; wa Gĩthĩnji, Mwangi |
| This paper examines the impact of agrarian structures on themigration
behavior and destination of rural household heads and individuals inKenya. To
explore the complexity of migration we extend the standardHarris-Todaro
framework to account for land inequality and size as well as typeof
destination. Using logistic regressions, we show that Kenyan household
headsborn in districts with higher land inequality, smaller per capita land and
lowerper capita rural income are more likely to migrate. We show that for
individualswhose incomes are squeezed by larger land inequality, migration from
villages tosuburban Nairobi, smaller cities, and villages in different
districts could be apreferable strategy to migrating to Metro Nairobi. The
impact of land inequalityis more significant for male than female migration.
Moreover, the level ofeducation, age, marital status, gender, religion and
distance to Nairobi play arole in migration behavior. |
| Keywords: | Migration; Distribution; Agrarian structures |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:gpe:wpaper:16226&r=mig ;|
- Migration,Unemployment and the Business Cycle - A Euro AreaPerspective
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Clemens, Marius |
| In the recent European debt crisis, internal migration flowsin the euro
area reacted strongly to diverging labor market conditions. Thisexperience
points towards the prominent role of short-term business-cyclemigration in the
euro area and the consequent need to understand the motivesbehind it.
Investigating the business cycle in 55 bilateral migration corridorsin the euro
area over the period 1980-2010, we find evidence for business cyclerelated
fluctuations in net migration flows and the crucial role of unemploymentin
shaping migration patterns. While on average wage and unemploymentdifferentials
are negatively correlated with net migration, across migrationcorridors we
document a considerable heterogeneity in both dimensions that ismore pronounced
for wages. In line with these findings, we built a two-countrydynamic
stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model of internal business cyclemigration
in the euro area and allow for unemployment that occurs as aconsequence of
labor market frictions and rigidities in both countries. Ourmodel is able to
replicate the empirical observations and explains theheterogeneity of migration
corridors by differences in the type of shock thathits an economy and the
relative price/wage rigidity. We contribute to theliterature on the causes and
consequences of temporary migration and bridge itto DSGE models with
unemployment. |
| JEL: | E24 F22 F41 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145578&r=mig ;|
This nep-mig issue comes without anyexpress or implied warranty. You may
contact the editor by reply to thismail. General information on the NEP project
can be found at http://nep.repec.org. For comments please writeto the director ;
of NEP, Marco Novarese at < director @ nep pointrepec point org >.Use
http://lists.repec.org/mailman/options/nep-migto sign off.
_______________________________________________
nep-mig mailing list
nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
http://lists.repec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/nep-mig
