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From: Yuji Tamura <ernad@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
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Sent: Saturday, February 11, 2017 10:54 PM
Subject: [nep-mig] 2017-02-12, 7 papers
nep-mig 2017-02-12 papers
|
| nep-mig | New EconomicsPapers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2017‒02‒12
seven papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
http://econpapers.repec.org/pta90
| |
- Gendered internal migrationpatterns in SenegalIsabelle Chort; Philippe De
Vreyer; ThomasZuber
- Migration patterns and labormarket outcomes in TunisiaAnda David; Mohamed
AliMarouani
- Immigrant labor market integrationacross admission classesBernt Bratsberg;
Oddbjørn Raaum; KnutRøed
- The Occupational Selection ofEmigrantsPatt, Alexander; Flores, Miguel;
Ruhose, Jens;Wiederhold, Simon
- Individualism vs. Collectivism -How inherited cultural values affect the
labor market outcomes of secondgeneration immigrants in the USHöckel, Lisa Sofie
- Exposure to Refugees and Votingfor the Far-Right. (Unexpected) Results
from AustriaSteinmayr,Andreas
- Beggar-Thy-Neighbour Tax Cuts:Mobility after a Local Income and Wealth Tax
Reform inSwitzerlandMartinez, Isabel Z.
- Gendered internalmigration patterns in Senegal
| Date: | 2017-01 |
| By: | Isabelle Chort (LEDa, UMR DIAL-Paris-Dauphine) ; Philippe De
Vreyer (Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL ResearchUniversity,IRD, LEDa, DIAL) ;
ThomasZuber (Columbia University. Department of Middle Eastern, South Asian
andAfrican Studies/History, New York) |
| Using individual panel data from Senegal collected in2006-07 and
2010-12, this study explores internal migration patterns of men andwomen. The
data used contain the GPS coordinates of individuals' location,allowing us to
calculate precise migration distances and map individualmobilities.Women are
found to be more likely to migrate than men. However, theymove less far and are
more likely to migrate to rural areas, especially whenoriginating from rural
areas. Education is found to increase the likelihood ofmigration to urban
destinations, especially for women. An analysis of themotives for migrating con
rms the existence of gendered migration patterns, asfemale mobility is mostly
linked to marriage while labor mobility is frequentlyobserved for men. |
| Keywords: | Internal migration ; gender;rural-urban migration;
Senegal. |
| JEL: | R23 O15 O18 J16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dia:wpaper:dt201702&r=mig ;|
- Migration patternsand labor market outcomes in Tunisia
| Date: | 2017-01 |
| By: | Anda David (AFD and DIAL, Paris) ; Mohamed Ali Marouani
(Paris1-Pantheon-Sorbonne University (IEDES,UMR Développement et Société), DIAL
and ERF) |
| This article focuses on the external effects of emigrationon
non-migrants and particularly on the interactions with labor market outcomesin
Tunisia before and after the revolution. Using the new Tunisia Labor
MarketPanel Survey (TLMPS) we conduct an in-depth analysis of the structure
anddynamics of migration in Tunisia including the profile of migrants and
theirorigin households, mainly in terms of skills and spatial composition. We
alsoinvestigate transition matrices, employment status, income for current
migrantsand returnees and the evolution of remittances. Our analysis confirms
the roleof emigration as a security valve for the Tunisian labor market.
Moreover,origin households of migrants have a significantly higher wealth
index.Remittances play a significant role for the Tunisian economy and at
thehousehold level. Our analysis also tends to confirm the effects of
remittanceson labor supply of non migrants which can have a negative impact on
Tunisia’sunemployment rate when a crisis in destination countries affects
negatively theremittance rate. |
| Keywords: | Internationalmigration, labor market, remittances,
returnees, revolution,Tunisia. |
| JEL: | F22 F24 J21 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dia:wpaper:dt201703&r=mig ;|
- Immigrant labormarket integration across admission classes
| Date: | 2017-02 |
| By: | Bernt Bratsberg (Stiftelsen Frischsenteret for
samfunnsøkonomiskforskning Universitetet i Oslo) ; Oddbjørn Raaum (Stiftelsen
Frischsenteret for samfunnsøkonomiskforskning Universitetet i Oslo) ; KnutRøed
(Stiftelsen Frischsenteret for samfunnsøkonomisk forskningUniversitetet i Oslo)
|
| We examine patterns of labor market integration acrossimmigrant groups.
The study draws on Norwegian longitudinal administrative datacovering labor
earnings and social insurance claims over a 25†year periodand presents a
comprehensive picture of immigrant†native employment andsocial insurance
differentials by admission class and by years since entry. Forrefugees and
family immigrants from low†income source countries, we uncoverencouraging
signs of labor market integration during an initial period uponadmission, but
after just 5†10 years, the integration process goes intoreverse with widening
immigrantnative employment differentials and rising ratesof immigrant social
insurance dependency. Yet, the analysis reveals substantialheterogeneity within
admission class and points to an important role ofhost†country schooling for
successful immigrant labor marketintegration. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:crm:wpaper:1702&r=mig ;|
- The OccupationalSelection of Emigrants
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Patt, Alexander ; Flores,Miguel ; Ruhose, Jens ; Wiederhold,
Simon |
| The current literature that investigates the selection ofMexican
migrants to the United States focuses on selectivity in educationalattainment
and earnings. Notably absent from the literature is evidence onoccupational
selection, because it is unclear how to measure the skill contentof Mexican
occupations. However, any such research would yield importantinsights regarding
the selection on labor-market skills that Mexicans carry withthem to the United
States. We use data from a representative Mexican workersurvey—equivalent to
the U.S. O*NET—to develop novel measures of cognitiveand manual skills for
migrants based on their pre-migration occupationalhistory, and compare them to
the skills of Mexicans who do not migrate. Usingdetailed longitudinal
micro-level data from two Mexican labor surveys, theMexican Migration Project,
and the Mexican Family Life Survey, our analysisconsistently shows that
migrants have lower cognitive and higher manual skillsthan non-migrants. This
finding is robust to controlling for age, gender, andeducational attainment and
also holds within broader occupational groups.Despite substantial changes in
emigration rates over time, we also document thatoccupational selection is
highly persistent. |
| JEL: | F22 O15 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145844&r=mig ;|
- Individualism vs.Collectivism - How inherited cultural values affect the
labor market outcomes ofsecond generation immigrants in the US
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Höckel, Lisa Sofie |
| The cultural diversity induced by migration has been provenbeneficial
to host countries economies and the labor market performance ofsecond
generation immigrants is a crucial determinant of integration. Labormarket
returns to different cultural traits, however, have been rarely studiedwithin
the economic literature. Therefore, this study provides insights on thelink
between the level of collectivsm at the country of ancestry and labormarket
outcome of second generation immigrants in the US. Using 1994 - 2014census
data, we analyze the impact of inherited cultural differences on theeconomic
outcome of more than 21,000 male homogamous second generationimmigrants. We use
the disease environment of the country of ancestry as ameasurement for
collectivism and find that higher scores of collectivism areassociated with
higher income earned in the US. We demonstrate that labor forceparticipation is
one of the main determinants of the positive impact ofcollectivism on earnings.
Further, we are the first to investigate occupationalchoice as a channel
through which inherited cultural values affect individuals'behavior in the
labor market. We show that second generation immigrants with anindividualistic
ancestry are more likely to self-select into jobs which requireindividualistic
abilities such as independence. Second generation collectivistsprefer jobs
which demand collectivistic traits such as sensibility towardsothers. We argue
that second generation immigrants with a collectivisticancestry take different
jobs than individualists due to inherent comparativeadvantages in performing
particular productive tasks. Overall they performbetter than their
individualistic counterparts. Our findings are robust to theuse of other
measures of collectivism and different data compositions. |
| JEL: | A13 F22 J24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145856&r=mig ;|
- Exposure toRefugees and Voting for the Far-Right. (Unexpected) Results
fromAustria
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Steinmayr, Andreas |
| The massive increase in the number of arriving refugees inEurope in
2015 creates enormous economic and political challenges in thereceiving
countries. An important concern is that the inflow of refugeesincreases the
support for far-right, nationalist, anti-immigration parties. Thispaper studies
a natural experiment in an Austrian state to identify the causaleffect of
exposure to refugees in the neighborhood on the support for thefar-right
Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ). Before the local and state electionsin
September 2015 the inflow of refugees dominated the entire
pre-electoraldiscussion and the FPÖ - with a fierce anti-asylum campaign -
doubled its voteshare in this election. At the time of the election, 42 percent
of UpperAustrian communities hosted refugees, which provides variation in the
exposureto refugees at the community level. To account for the potential
endogeneity inthe distribution of refugees, I use the availability of existing
groupaccommodations as instrumental variable. To cope with the sudden inflow of
largenumber of refugees, these buildings were used as accommodation and
theirexistence strongly increases the probability of refugee presence. In line
withthe contact hypothesis I find that hosting refugees in the community
decreasesthe support for the FPÖ by 4.42 percentage points in state elections
andincreases the optimism in the population that the integration of refugees
can bemanaged. The effects are robust to a series of sensitivity and
placebochecks. |
| JEL: | D72 J15 P16 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145825&r=mig ;|
- Beggar-Thy-Neighbour Tax Cuts: Mobility after a Local Income and WealthTax
Reform in Switzerland
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Martinez, Isabel Z. |
| Tax competition raises the question to which extenttaxpayers respond to
differences in income tax rates by migrating to low-taxareas. This paper
analyzes a large, two-step tax reform in the canton ofObwalden in central
Switzerland in 2006 and 2008. The canton first introduced aregressive income
tax scheme with the explicit purpose of attracting affluenttaxpayers, followed
by a change to a flat rate tax, thereby lowering taxes forall taxpayers. Using
individual tax data from the cantonal tax administration, Iapply a 2SLS
approach to estimate how responsive migration was to the taxreduction. I
estimate an elasticity of the stock of rich taxpayers in the cantonwith respect
to the average net-of-tax rate of 2.4 in the first two years afterthe reform,
increasing to 3.5 over the five post-reform years. The correspondingelsticities
of the inflow of rich taxpayers are even larger. These estimates arelarger than
what the few studies on tax induced mobility elasticity have foundso far. I can
further rule out that these results are due to an exogenouspositive income
shock to top incomes. DiD estimations comparing the share ofrich taxpayers and
net income per taxpayer in Obwalden to two neighboringcantons confirm that the
reform was successful in increasing the canton's taxbase. The large
elasticities can be explained by two aspects. First, by thesizable pool of
intentionally treated and the prevailing residence-basedtaxation, as opposed to
source-based taxation. Through relocating to Obwalden,any Swiss and European
citizen could take advantage of this tax scheme. Second,by the initially low
share of rich taxpayers in Obwalden and the small size ofthe canton. |
| JEL: | H71 H24 H31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:vfsc16:145643&r=mig ;|
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