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Sent: Saturday, October 1, 2016 9:15 PM
Subject: [nep-mig] 2016-10-02, 15 papers
nep-mig 2016-10-02 papers
|
| nep-mig | New EconomicsPapers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2016‒10‒02
fifteen papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
http://econpapers.repec.org/pta90
| |
- This Morning's Breakfast, LastNight's Game: Detecting Extraneous Factors
in JudgingChen,Daniel L.
- An Analysis of CommunicativeLanguage Functions in the Speech Patterns of
Bilingual Korean and MexicanImmigrant ChildrenJin Sook Lee; Jane Y. Choi;
LauraMarqués-Pascual
- The Workforce of PioneerPlantsHausmann, Ricardo; Neffke, Frank
- Access to and Disparities in Careamong Migrant and Seasonal Farm Workers
(MSFWs) at U.S. HealthCentersRuwei Hu; Leiyu Shi; De-Chih Lee; Geraldine
PierreHaile
- Reintegration upon return:insights from Ecuadorian returnees from
SpainMarion Mercier;Anda David; Ramón Mahia; Rafael De Arce
- To the New World and Back Again:Return Migrants in the Age of Mass
MigrationRan Abramitzky; LeahPlatt Boustan; Katherine Eriksson
- Migrants’ location choice: therole of migration experienceChernina,
Eugenia M.
- Immigration Policies, LaborComplementarities, Population Size and Cultural
Frictions: Theory andEvidenceThomas, Osang; Weber, Shlomo
- Does it pay to move? Returns toregional mobility at the start of the
career for tertiary educationgraduatesMaier, Michael F.; Sprietsma, Maresa
- Remittances impact on youth laboursupply: evidence from KyrgyzstanKamalbek
Karymshakov; BurulchaSulaimanova; Kadyrbek Sultakeev; Raziiakhan Abdieva
- The Labor Supply of UndocumentedImmigrantsBorjas, George J
- Why Family Matters: The Impact ofFamily Resources on Immigrant
Entrepreneurs’ Exit fromEntrepreneurshipBird, Miriam; Wennberg, Karl
- The Wage Impact of the Marielitos:A ReappraisalBorjas, George J.
- Self-Selection of Emigrants:Theory and Evidence on Stochastic Dominance in
Observable and UnobservableCharacteristicsBorjas, George J.; Kauppinen, Ilpo;
Poutvaara,Panu
- Migration, poverty andequalityAndersen, Lykke E.
- This Morning'sBreakfast, Last Night's Game: Detecting Extraneous Factors
inJudging
| Date: | 2016-09 |
| By: | Chen, Daniel L. |
| I detect intra-judge variation in judicial decisions drivenby factors
completely unrelated 5 to the merits of the case, or to any casecharacteristic
for that matter. Concretely, I show that asylum 6 grant rates inU.S.
immigration courts differ by the success of the court city’s NFL team onthe
night 7 before, and by the city’s weather on the day of, the decision. Mydata
including half a million decisions 8 spanning two decades allows me toexclude
confounding factors, such as scheduling and seasonal effects. 9
Mostimportantly, my design holds the identity of the judge constant. On
average,U.S. immigration 10 judges grant an additional 1.5% of asylum petitions
on theday after their city’s NFL team won, relative 11 to days after the team
lost.Bad weather on the day of the decision has approximately the opposite
effect. 12By way of comparison, the average grant rate is 39%. In contrast, I
do not findcomparable effects in 13 sentencing decisions of U.S. District
Courts, andspeculate that this may be due to higher quality of the 14 federal
judges, moretime for deliberation, or the constraining effect of the federal
sentencingguidelines. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:tse:wpaper:31031&r=mig ;|
- An Analysis ofCommunicative Language Functions in the Speech Patterns of
Bilingual Korean andMexican Immigrant Children
| By: | Jin Sook Lee ; Jane Y.Choi ; Laura Marqués-Pascual |
| For children from immigrant families, opportunities todevelop additive
bilingualism exist, yet bilingual attainment has variedwidely. |
| Keywords: | COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS, LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT,
BILINGUALISM, CHILDREN,ASSESSMENT, KOREAN, SPANISH |
| JEL: | I |
| URL: |
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mpr:mprres:62f4977596af4b4fafbadd07033c5391&r=mig ;|
- The Workforce ofPioneer Plants
| Date: | 2016-01 |
| By: | Hausmann, Ricardo (Harvard University and Santa Fe Institute)
; Neffke,Frank (Harvard University) |
| Is labor mobility important in technological diffusion? Weaddress this
question by asking how plants assemble their workforce if they areindustry
pioneers in a location. By definition, these plants cannot hire localworkers
with industry experience. Using German social-security data, we findthat such
plants recruit workers from related industries from more distantregions and
local workers from less-related industries. We also show thatpioneers leverage
a low-cost advantage in unskilled labor to compete with plantsthat are located
in areas where the industry is more prevalent. Finally, whereasresearch on
German reunification has often focused on the effects of east-westmigration, we
show that the opposite migration facilitated the industrialdiversification of
eastern Germany by giving access to experienced workers fromwestern Germany. |
| JEL: | J23 J24 M13 M50 O15 O33 R11 R12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecl:harjfk:16-006&r=mig ;|
- Access to andDisparities in Care among Migrant and Seasonal Farm Workers
(MSFWs) at U.S.Health Centers
| By: | Ruwei Hu ; Leiyu Shi ; De-Chih Lee ; Geraldine Pierre Haile |
| This study describes the characteristics of migrant andseasonal farm
workers (MSFWs) served by federally-funded health centers andexamines
disparities in access to primary and preventive care between migranthealth
center (MHC) and community health center (CHC) programpatients. |
| Keywords: | Access to and Disparities in Care , Migrant and Seasonal
Farm Workers(MSFWs) , U.S. Health Centers |
| JEL: | I |
| URL: |
http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mpr:mprres:bde03214a621447987ea69ee65f0e053&r=mig ;|
- Reintegration uponreturn: insights from Ecuadorian returnees fromSpain
| Date: | 2016-05 |
| By: | Marion Mercier (IRES – Université Catholique de Louvain; DIAL–
IRD; IZA) ; Anda David (Agence Française de Développement; DIAL – IRD) ;
RamónMahia (Universidad Autónoma de Madrid) ; RafaelDe Arce (Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid) |
| Using the ECM2 survey data on Ecuadorian migrants returningfrom Spain,
we investigate the determinants of reintegration upon return. Westudy how the
migration experience, but also the before- and after-migrationcharacteristics,
correlate with migrants’ outcomes upon return. We adopt abroad conception of
reintegration, considering jointly labor market-relatedoutcomes that proxy for
structural reintegration and subjective indicators thatprovide insights on
sociocultural reintegration. The determinants of these twotypes of outcomes
appear to be different: reintegration indeed encompassesmultiple dimensions
which cannot be captured by a single indicator. Our resultssuggest that return
assistance programs’ efficiency in helping reintegrationcould be improved by
(i) targeting, ex-ante, returnees who plan to launch theirown business, and,
ex-post, the most vulnerable workers (women, older returnees,unemployed), and
(ii) facilitating the labor market integration offoreign-educated returnees.
They also call for further research to betterunderstand the consequences of
these programs. _________________________________En utilisant les données de
l'enquête ECM2 sur les migrants équatoriens deretour d'Espagne, nous étudions
les déterminants de la réintégration à leurretour. Nous étudions comment
l'expérience de la migration, mais aussi lescaractéristiques avant et après la
migration, sont corrélés avec lesrésultats des migrants en termes d’insertion à
leur retour. Nous adoptonsune conception large de la réintégration, qui englobe
à la fois desindicateurs liés au marché du travail en tant que proxy pour
laréintégration structurelle et des indicateurs subjectifs qui donnent unaperçu
sur la réinsertion socio-culturelle. Les déterminants de ces deuxtypes de
résultats semblent être différents: la réintégration englobe eneffet de
multiples dimensions qui ne peuvent pas être capturées par un seulindicateur.
Nos résultats suggèrent que l'efficacité des programmes d'aide auretour visant
une meilleure intégration pourrait être améliorée par (i) leciblage, ex-ante,
des migrants de retour qui ont l'intention de lancer leurpropre entreprise, et,
a posteriori, les travailleurs les plus vulnérables(femmes, rapatriés âgés,
chômeurs), et (ii) la facilitation del'intégration sur marché du travail des
migrants de retour ayant acquisl’éducation à l'étranger. Ces résultats
soulignent également le besoinpour des recherches approfondies afin de mieux
comprendre les conséquences deces programmes. |
| Keywords: | Returnees, Integration, Satisfaction, Ecuador,Spain |
| JEL: | F22 O15 F15 J28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:dia:wpaper:dt201604&r=mig ;|
- To the New Worldand Back Again: Return Migrants in the Age of
MassMigration
| Date: | 2016-09 |
| By: | Ran Abramitzky ; LeahPlatt Boustan ; Katherine Eriksson |
| We compile large datasets from Norwegian and US historicalcensuses to
study return migration during the Age of Mass Migration (1850-1913).Return
migrants were somewhat negatively selected from the migrant pool:Norwegian
immigrants who returned to Norway held slightly lower-paid occupationsthan
Norwegian immigrants who stayed in the US, both before and after moving tothe
US. Upon returning to Norway, return migrants held higher-paid occupationsthan
Norwegians who never moved, despite hailing from poorer backgrounds. Theywere
also more likely to get married after return. These patterns suggest
thatdespite being negatively selected, return migrants were able to
accumulatesavings and improve their economic circumstances once they
returnedhome. |
| JEL: | J61N31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:22659&r=mig ;|
- Migrants’location choice: the role of migration experience
| Date: | 2016-08 |
| By: | Chernina, Eugenia M. (Centre for Labour Market Studies (CLMS)
atHigher School of Economics, Moscow) |
| This paper studies how the previous destination choices byhousehold
members might affect current choice by labor migrants from Tajikistanin Russia.
We use 2007 and 2009 waves of Tajikistan Living Standards Surveycombined with
Rosstat regional statistics to analyze the effect of 2007household migration
experience and receiving regions’ characteristics on2008-2009 migrants’
location choice within Russia. Our results suggest thatthere exists inertia in
migrants’ choices: previously chosen destinationslargely define future ones.
This inertia results in quickly weakening effect oflabor market conditions on
migrants’ choice with migrationexperience. |
| Keywords: | labor migration, international migration, destination
choice, locationchoice, Tajikistan, Russia |
| JEL: | J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:msm:wpaper:2016/3&r=mig ;|
- ImmigrationPolicies, Labor Complementarities, Population Size and Cultural
Frictions:Theory and Evidence
| Date: | 2016-09 |
| By: | Thomas, Osang ; Weber,Shlomo |
| In this paper we consider a simple model of internationalmigration
developed in Fujita and Weber (2010). There are two countries A and B,that
differ in population size, degree of labor complementarity between nativesand
immigrants, as well as cultural attitudes towards immigrants. The
countriesselect immigration quotas for the world population of immigrants. We
apply theexistence result of Fujita-Weber and show that in equilibrium the
larger countryattracts more immigrants, while choosing a lower quota than its
smallercounterpart. It also turns out that higher degree of labor
complementaritybetween natives and immigrants and a lower degree of cultural
friction betweentwo groups yield higher immigration quota. Finally, we test
theempiricalvalidity of the model using time-series country-level data
anddemonstrate that both cross-section and panel data approaches support
several ofthe key theoretical findings. |
| Keywords: | cultural frictions; fixed effects; Immigration quotas;
laborcomplementarity; Nash equilibrium; panel data |
| JEL: | C72 F22 O3 R1 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:11526&r=mig ;|
- Does it pay tomove? Returns to regional mobility at the start of the
career for tertiaryeducation graduates
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Maier, Michael F. ; Sprietsma, Maresa |
| Decisions taken at the start of one's career have long-termconsequences
and one important decision graduates have to make is whether to beregionally
mobile when looking for the first job. We investigate whether beingregionally
mobile for the first job following graduation rather than to stay inthe place
of graduation pays off. Existing research on regional mobility mostlyfocuses on
job-to-job mobility. We analyse the determinants of early careermobility and
estimate a bivariate probit model to account for the dependencybetween the
migration decisions for tertiary education and for the first job. Inorder to
account for self-selection with respect to migration decisions, weexploit
variation in the availability of university places at the regionallevel. Our
results show that there is significant dependency between migrationdecisions
made before and after tertiary education. Secondly, using an IVestimation
strategy, we find significantly positive wage returns to regionalmobility for
the first job. |
| Keywords: | regionalmobility,wages,university education,early career
|
| JEL: | J31J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:zewdip:16060&r=mig ;|
- Remittancesimpact on youth labour supply: evidence fromKyrgyzstan
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Kamalbek Karymshakov ; Burulcha Sulaimanova ; Kadyrbek
Sultakeev ; Raziiakhan Abdieva |
| This research aims to investigate the impact of remittancesfrom
international migration on leftbehind youth occupational choice. Laboursupply
choice of youth is grouped as employee, family contributing worker,own-account
worker and unemployment. Labour supply is analysed both at theextensive margin
– participation of youth labour across these occupationalchoices, and at the
intensive margins – working hours within each occupationalchoices. The analysis
use “Life in Kyrgyz Republic” survey cross-sectionaldata for 2011. To overcome
endogeneity concerns instrumental variable approachis used. Given the
multinomial dependent variable and discrete endogenousvariable “conditional
mixed process” estimation technique is applied.Empirical results show that
remittances impact on left-behind youth inKyrgyzstan is mainly reflected as
labour substitution effect. Unlike findings ofsome previous studies, we did not
find any strong evidence ofremittance-dependency behavior of left behind youth.
However, increase oflikelihood for youth as family contributing worker does not
necessarily implyincrease of productivity of labour force. There is no
sufficient evidence of thefact that return from migration as the job creating
activities and efficientutilization of remittances for own-account works exist.
Moreover, female youthare more inclined to family contributing works both at
the extensive andintensive margins. Results are robust to inclusion of other
variables onindividual characteristics. Given these empirical evidences,
priority for theyouth employment policy should be a channeling remittances into
productive use.Moreover, educational programs with the emphasis on female youth
and specialprograms on youth entrepreneurship and access to financial resources
will beimportant for youth self-employment activities. |
| Keywords: | youth, employment,remittances, migration, labour supply,
Kyrgyzstan. |
| JEL: | E24 F24 F22 J21 O53 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:lvl:pmmacr:2016-05&r=mig ;|
- The Labor Supplyof Undocumented Immigrants
| Date: | 2016-03 |
| By: | Borjas, George J (Harvard University) |
| The Department of Homeland Security estimates that 11.4million
undocumented persons reside in the United States. Congress and PresidentObama
are considering a number of proposals to regularize the status of
theundocumented population and provide a "path to citizenship." Any future
changein the immigration status of this group is bound to have significant
effects onthe labor market, on the number of persons that qualify for
variousgovernment-provided benefits, on the timing of retirement, on the size
of thepopulation receiving Social Security benefits, and on the funding of
almost allof these government programs. This paper provides a comprehensive
empiricalstudy of the labor supply behavior of undocumented immigrants in the
UnitedStates. Using newly developed methods that attempt to identify
undocumentedstatus for foreign-born persons sampled in the Current Population
Surveys, theempirical analysis documents a number of findings, including the
fact that thework propensity of undocumented men is much larger than that of
other groups inthe population; that this gap has grown over the past two
decades; and that thelabor supply elasticity of undocumented men is very close
to zero, suggestingthat their labor supply is almost perfectly inelastic. |
| JEL: | J22 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecl:harjfk:16-012&r=mig ;|
- Why FamilyMatters: The Impact of Family Resources on Immigrant
Entrepreneurs’ Exit fromEntrepreneurship
| Date: | 2016-09-26 |
| By: | Bird, Miriam (Center for Family Business, University of St.
Gallen); Wennberg, Karl (Stockholm School of Economics, Institute of
AnalyticalSociology (IAS) and the Ratio Institute) |
| We integrate insights from the social embeddednessperspective with
research on immigrant entrepreneurship to theorize on howfamily resources
influence exit from entrepreneurship among previouslyunemployed immigrant
entrepreneurs. Results from a cohort study of immigrantentrepreneurs in Sweden
reveal that family resources are important forimmigrants to integrate
economically into a country. We find that having familymembers in geographical
proximity increases immigrant entrepreneurs’likelihood of remaining in
entrepreneurship. Further, family financial capitalenhances immigrant
entrepreneurs’ likelihood of remaining in entrepreneurshipas well as their
likelihood of exiting to paid employment. Although oftenneglected in immigrant
entrepreneurship studies, resources accruing from spousalrelationships with
natives influence entrepreneurs’ exit behavior. We discusscontributions for
research on entrepreneurial exit, entrepreneurs’ socialembeddedness, and
immigrant entrepreneurship. |
| Keywords: | Immigrant entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial exit;family
resources; social embeddedness; relational embeddedness |
| JEL: | J60L26 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:hhs:ratioi:0274&r=mig ;|
- The Wage Impactof the Marielitos: A Reappraisal
| Date: | 2015-09 |
| By: | Borjas, George J. (Harvard University) |
| This paper brings a new perspective to the analysis of theMariel supply
shock, revisiting the question and the data armed with theaccumulated insights
from the vast literature on the economic impact ofimmigration. A crucial lesson
from this literature is that any credible attemptto measure the wage impact of
immigration must carefully match the skills of theimmigrants with those of the
pre-existing workforce. The Marielitos weredisproportionately low-skill; at
least 60 percent were high school dropouts. Areappraisal of the Mariel
evidence, specifically examining the evolution ofwages in the low-skill group
most likely to be affected, quickly overturns thefinding that Mariel did not
affect Miami's wage structure. The absolute wage ofhigh school dropouts in
Miami dropped dramatically, as did the wage of highschool dropouts relative to
that of either high school graduates or collegegraduates. The drop in the
relative wage of the least educated Miamians wassubstantial (10 to 30 percent),
implying an elasticity of wages with respect tothe number of workers between
-0.5 and -1.5. In fact, comparing the magnitude ofthe steep post-Mariel drop in
the low-skill wage in Miami with that observed inall other metropolitan areas
over an equivalent time span between 1977 and 2001reveals that the change in
the Miami wage structure was a very unusual event.The analysis also documents
the sensitivity of the estimated wage impact to thechoice of a placebo. The
measured impact is much smaller when the placeboconsists of cities where pre-
Mariel employment growth was weak relative toMiami. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecl:harjfk:15-057&r=mig ;|
- Self-Selection ofEmigrants: Theory and Evidence on Stochastic Dominance in
Observable andUnobservable Characteristics
| Date: | 2015-10 |
| By: | Borjas, George J. (Harvard University) ; Kauppinen, Ilpo (VATT
Institute for Economic Research) ; Poutvaara, Panu (Ifo Institute and
University of Munich) |
| We show that the Roy model has more precise predictionsabout the
self-selection of migrants than previously realized. The sameconditions that
have been shown to result in positive or negative selection interms of expected
earnings also imply a stochastic dominance relationshipbetween the earnings
distributions of migrants and non-migrants. We use theDanish full population
administrative data to test the predictions. We findstrong evidence of positive
self-selection of emigrants in terms ofpre-emigration earnings: the income
distribution for the migrants almoststochastically dominates the distribution
for the non-migrants. This result isnot driven by immigration policies in
destination countries. Decomposing theself-selection in total earnings into
self-selection in observablecharacteristics and self-selection in unobservable
characteristics reveals thatunobserved abilities play the dominant role. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ecl:harjfk:15-062&r=mig ;|
- Migration,poverty and equality
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Andersen, Lykke E. |
| The scale of inequality around the world is almostunfathomable. The
average inhabitant of Norway, Qatar and Switzerland earns morein one day than
what the average inhabitant of Malawi and Burundi earns in anentire year1. If
you get pregnant in Sierra Leone, you are 300 times more likelyto die from
pregnancy related causes than if you get pregnant in Sweden2. If youare born in
Angola or the Central African Republic, you are 50 times more likelyto die
within your first year of life than if you are born in Singapore.Currently,
about 60% of the variation in income across the globe is explained bycountry
citizenship alone, while parental income class within the country whereyou were
born explains another 20% (Milanovic, 2011). This means that at least80% of the
variation in income (and other income related factors) is alreadydetermined by
birth, leaving less than 20% to be determined by a person's owneffort,
ingenuity, planning, determination, risk-taking and passion. Thus, theworld is
not just a place of huge inequality of outcomes, but also of hugeinequality of
opportunity. Inequality is becoming an increasingly concerningissue and
recently 176 countries agreed that one of the Sustainable DevelopmentGoals for
the next 15 years should be to "reduce inequality within and amongcountries."
One of the specific targets associated with this goal is to"facilitate orderly,
safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility ofpeople, including
through the implementation of planned and well-managedmigration policies." |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:pegnpb:42016&r=mig ;|
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