[colombiamigra] Fw: [NIEM] EUA - 7
- From: "william mejia" <dmarc-noreply@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> (Redacted sender "wmejia8a" for DMARC)
- To: Colombiamigra <colombiamigra@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Fri, 17 Feb 2017 17:58:51 +0000 (UTC)
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From: "nucleo interdisciplinar de estudos migratorios NIEM NIEM.migr@xxxxxxxxx
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Subject: [NIEM] EUA - 7
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Date: sex, 3 de fev de 2017 às 21:49
Subject: EUA - 7
To: niem.migr <NIEM.migr@xxxxxxxxx>
http://www.nationofchange.org/2017/02/02/trump-cant-make-america-great-without-immigrants/
Trump can’t make America great again without immigrants
It is white nationalists, with their hatred of foreigners and xenophobia, who
are endangering American competitiveness in the new century. By Juan Cole -
February 2, 2017 | Op-Ed
In 2016, the U.S. birthrate fell to 59.6 births per 1,000 women, the lowest
ever recorded. Birth rates rise and fall over time, so the rate may not stay
stuck at that level. It seems clear, however, that white nationalists like
Trump’s evil genius Steve Bannon are doomed to be disappointed if they think
that white birth rates can fuel the country’s economic and demographic
growth.Birth rates tend to level off in wealthy, industrial societies. The
number of children per woman falls with urbanization and rising women’s status
and education. Rural birth rates are often higher. Children are free farm
labor, for instance, and farmers have lots of room for a family. Farmers have
no retirement fund for the most part, and lots of children will support them in
their old age. In the world’s farming towns and villages, women often marry
early, dropping out of school if they were ever in school in the first place.
That they are poorly educated and often lacking in societal esteem means that
their husbands can keep them barefoot and pregnant. I have seen these
conditions in rural areas of the global South. But I’m also the grandson of
Appalachian farmers and my great-aunts had 12 and even 16 children.The
countries with the highest birth rates in the world still have large rural
sectors. Egypt is over 50% rural. India is an astonishing 70% rural. Although
China is 40% rural, fairly high, its government instituted a one-child policy
decades ago, with some success. As a result of this artificial intervention,
China is now declining in population and faces the prospect of greying.But city
people most often have social security, so they don’t need lots of children to
support them in their old age. Urbanites most often are not involved in forms
of economic activity that benefit from child labor. In the city, apartments are
cramped and there is no place for very large families. Urban children are
expensive, requiring post-secondary education to make it in the complex and
varied urban economy. Urban women are much more likely to be educated, to work
outside the home, and to have the sort of status where they can tell their
husbands that no, they don’t want that 5th child.Highly urbanized societies
such as Japan often now face the prospect of a declining population. Japan has
lost a million people in the past 5 years, which is unheard of in its recorded
history. It is down to 127 million. Japan is expected to shrink from 127
million to 82 million over the next 80 years. This is an experiment that has
never been run. Who will work in Japanese factories? Who will pay into social
security to support all those elderly people?Germany, Sweden, and Italy face a
similar conundrum.The great powers of the 21st century will be demographically
large countries. China, India, Indonesia and Brazil have a shot at that status.
Innovative youth increasing productivity will be important to their
fortunes.There is a strong possibility that Japan and the other shrinking,
greying states will decline in standard of living and in global
importance.Based on the birth rate of whites, the U.S. would join this club of
the amazing shrinking and aging countries if it did not take in immigrants. And
so it would lose its global position, economically and geo-strategically.The
reason for which the U.S. has continued to grow and to remain politically
competitive with the big boys is not the birth rate of the groups who consider
themselves “white.”It is because since 1965 the U.S. has let in about 1 million
immigrants a year. About a third of those nowadays are from Latin America and
about a third are from Asia. (Trump’s obsession with Latinos reflects an
earlier period when they were are larger proportion of immigrants). Although
within a generation these immigrants’ birth rates fall to the same levels as
the native born, they initially still have large families, since many of them
had been rural back home.Immigrants don’t typically compete for jobs with the
native born, since they don’t have the language skills or technical training to
do so in the main. The small towns in the rural stretches of some states have
been revived because of Latin ranchers and farm hands willing to do work that
locals no longer will.I don’t have strong confidence that the white
nationalists will be able to get this through their heads, but making and
keeping America great requires an open door to immigrants. Otherwise the U.S.
population will start falling and spiraling down, and the country won’t be able
to retain its economic and political advantages. In other countries, offering
women tax breaks or money grants to have more children hasn’t usually worked,
and anyway the Republican Party would never go for such handouts.Another thing
that would help the U.S. birth rate is strengthening, not abolishing the
Affordable Care Act, and adopting policies that reduce income inequality, so
that young people have well-paying jobs and feel they can afford to have
children. Very large numbers of Millennials have faced chronic under-employment
and been forced to move back home.Of course, I hasten to add, the U.S. can only
really benefit from these immigrants if it moves quickly to sustainable
policies and net carbon zero. Over time, the world will likely move to robotics
for most labor and so we will need a basic income and some way to distribute
the profits generated by robots. In the meantime, demographics is still of
great geo-political significance.None of the policies the Trump administration
is adopting is pro-natal, and if it begins reducing immigration, as Bannon is
said to favor, then the country will be set on the same path as Japan is
presently on, of facing the likelihood of dramatic decline and a crisis of an
inverted age pyramid.And that is why we should be welcoming young, on-the-ball
immigrants, including, yes, Muslims. Nor can you hope for “white” immigrants–
the population in many European countries is falling, and people have a fairly
high standard of living. It is from the global south that you’d get these
volunteers. Immigrants are twice as likely to found a company as the
native-born. Contrary to Trump’s fearmongering, most immigrants, including
Muslim ones, are extremely law-abiding, and you are thousands of times more
likely to slip and hit your head in the shower than you are ever to be menaced
by an immigrant terrorist.Ironically, it is white nationalists, with their
hatred of foreigners and xenophobia, who are endangering American
competitiveness in the new century. DID YOU KNOW? NationofChange is a
nonprofit organization that provides an online magazine, daily newsletter, and
activist platform – all free to the public. It's hard, expensive work, and our
daily operations are funded entirely by donations from readers like you. If you
value the work that we’re doing, please take a moment to make a 100%
tax-deductible donation to NationofChange. Make a donation → Become a
Sustaining Member →
http://www.vox.com/2017/2/1/14470746/trumps-immigration-ban-healthcare-doctors
How Trump’s immigration ban threatens health care, in 3 charts
Updated by Julia Belluz and Sarah Frostenson Feb 3, 2017, 7:23am EST
Over the past few days, our inboxes have been flooded with letters from doctors
and medical researchers whose lives have been shaken up by President Donald
Trump’s executive order, which, among other things, restricts immigrants and
visa holders from seven Muslim-majority countries from entering the US.We've
heard from foreign-born health care workers who are trapped inside the United
States, and from those who can't enter, despite having jobs, research
positions, and US visas or green cards. It's gut-wrenching.But the chaos
unleashed by the executive order also reveals a little-appreciated fact about
our health care system: We're heavily reliant on foreigners. They're our
doctors, nurses, and home care aides, and they often work in the remote places
where American-born doctors don't want to go. Sarah Frostenson In many
ways, the health system is already stretched too thin, with scarcely enough
people spread evenly across the country to do many difficult jobs. And a letter
from the American Medical Association to the Secretary of Homeland Security
today spelled out how Trump's immigration policy could make this worse by
"creating unintended consequences." Indeed, it’s now clear that health care
is going to suffer as a result of the immigration ban, particularly if the
current restrictions are broadened to include more countries or different types
of visas, as is expected.
Immigrants make up 22 percent of the health workforce and 30 percent of doctors
and surgeons in the US
The health care workforce in the US is a lot more international than you might
think. Health care currently has the largest proportion of foreign-born and
foreign-trained workers of any industry in the country.According to 2015 data
from the Migration Policy Institute, the medical profession is particularly
reliant on immigrant doctors. Of the active physicians and surgeons here, 30
percent are immigrants."India, China, Philippines, Korea, and Pakistan are the
top five origin groups for physicians and surgeons," said Jeanne Batalova, a
senior policy analyst and demographer at MPI. But Iran and Syria, two of the
seven countries whose citizens are no longer allowed entry to the US, are the
sixth and 10th largest contributors, respectively. "So we’re talking about
substantial representation from these countries [in the doctor workforce]
here." The ban on these people will likely be felt at hospitals and clinics
across the nation, she added. The contributions immigrants make to medical
care start early on, in residency programs, which funnel doctors through
training and into jobs. A data analysis performed by the Robert Graham Center
showed that residents from the seven countries made up 5.7 percent of all
international medical graduates in 2015, said Stan Kozakowski, director of
medical Education for the American Academy of Family Physicians. (Some data
sets look at the country of origin for doctors, others at where they obtained
their medical degree — and doctors who trained outside of the US are called
"international medical graduates.")That’s not a huge number right now,
Kozakowski added, but it’s sizable enough. "And if you add in the countries
that have been tossed in as possible expansions of the ban — Pakistan, Saudi
Arabia, Lebanon, and Egypt — that number goes up to 16.7 percent." Sarah
Frostenson When you look at the numbers by medical specialty, foreign-trained
doctors do a disproportionate amount of the work in many areas. They make up
more than 50 percent of geriatric medicine doctors, almost half of
nephrologists (or kidney doctors), nearly 40 percent of internal medicine
doctors, and nearly a quarter of family medicine physicians, according to data
from the Association of American Medical Colleges.Compared with US-trained
physicians, foreign doctors are also more likely to practice in areas where
there are doctor shortages — in particular, in rural areas. (Many enter the US
on visas that allowed them to stay if they work in an underserved area for
three years after residency.) They’re also more likely to serve poor patients
on Medicaid, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has found.
Sarah Frostenson "Doctors — especially in rural areas that were the key
consistency that supports Trump — tend to be foreign-born," said Nicole Smith,
a chief economist at the Georgetown University Center on Education and the
Workforce. "The old adage that foreigners are doing the work no Americans want
to do even applies to medical doctors."A new study in the BMJ revealed another
twist: patients treated by foreign-trained doctors had better mortality
outcomes than those treated by doctors who went through American medical
schools. The study authors suggested for foreign docs' over-performance might
be explained by the fact that they "represent some of the best physicians in
their country of origin" and had to overcome intense competition and years of
training to finally practice in the US.
Health care currently has the largest proportion of foreign-born and
foreign-trained workers in the country of any industry
The foreigners in health care don't just practice medicine, though. The nursing
profession is also overstretched and facing projected shortfalls in the coming
years, and has come to count on immigrants. Some 20 percent of the health care
support staff — including nurses and home aides — were immigrants as of
2015.Besides work at the bedside, the research immigrants do in labs across the
country is also under threat. One Syrian medical researcher told Vox he’s
afraid that after working in America for more than three years at the Mayo
Clinic, his application for permanent residency will now be rejected and he’ll
have to leave. Other researchers on visas and green cards from Iran told us
they fear leaving the US to visit family or go to conferences should they be
barred from coming back home, and that this situation was untenable and had
them thinking about alternative places to live. So from the bench to the
bedside, Trump’s approach isn’t just going to hurt the health system in the
future — it's already hurting it now.
[mensagem organizada por Helion Póvoa Neto]
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NIEM <NIEM.migr@xxxxxxxxx>
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